Environmental analysis historical perspective

The two chapters that were selected for this topic one on GC-ion trap mass spectrometry, by SabUer and Fujii and the other by Schroder on LC-MS in environmental analysis give an excellent contribution to the application of GC-MS and LC-MS to environmental analysis. Both chapters include many practical aspects and examples in the environmental field and also cover the historical perspective of the techniques and show the perspective on ionisation and scanning modes. Advances achieved in GC-ion trap by the use of external ion sources and GC/MS/MS possi-bihties are discussed. The LC-MS chapter provides an overview of the first applications of LC/MS interfacing systems, such as moving belt, direct Uquid introduction (DLI) and particle beam (PB), and then on the more recent soft ionisation techniques, like thermospray and atmospheric pressure ionisation interfacing systems. 

See also Atomic Spectroscopy, Historical Perspective Environmental and Agricultural Applications of Atomic Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Methods Quantitative Analysis X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Applications. 

Waters has written a well-balanced review article on environmental analysis of cat-ionics giving a historical perspective on the development and application of the various procedures, including official methods (153). Published methods for determination of cationic surfactants in the environment are summarized in Tables 7 and 8. 

Treatment of ICPAES from different perspectives and to varying degrees of comprehensiveness appears in a number of chapters in volumes not solely dedicated to ICP-AES, but treating spectrometry and analysis in general. An early excellent chapter on ICP-AES is by Tschopel (1979) on plasma excitation in spectrochemical analysis, in Wilson and Wilson s Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry. A very brief historical introduction to ICP-AES, basic principles and considerations of absorption and emission lines, and applications to food analysis is in a book on modern food analysis (Ihnat (1984), and Van Loon (1985), in his practical analyst-oriented book on selected methods of trace analysis biological and environmental samples includes a chapter (pp. 19-52) on techniques and instrumentation including ICPAES. Moore (1989) (Introduction to Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry) provides... 

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