Entanglement implications

Multiple weak interactions allow small pharmaceutically active molecules to be trapped in polymeric dendrimers. Over time the molecules slowly break free and are released in a controlled manner to the sites where they are required. The formation of dendrimer prodrugs allows for covalent attachment of many copies of a drug to a single dendrimer. Under predetermined conditions, such as pH or oxygen content, the bonds break and the drug is released in a concentrated burst. Weak interactions can also be harmful. The entanglement of small amyloid proteins appears to be responsible for the formation of plaques associated with Alzheimer s disease. The presence of transition metals poses an added complication as they have been implicated in protein crosslinking. A multifunctional molecule that can both disrupt... 

Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) [Einstein 1935] asked the question of whether the quantum mechanical description of physical world is complete, giving the following example. Two-particles are in the quantum state showing strange correlations if one measures the position or momentum of one particle, one can predict with certainty the result of measuring their counterpart for the second particle. Thus, depending on which measurement is chosen for the first particle, the value of either the momentum or position can be predicted with arbitrary precision for the other particle. The later discussion has concerned the interpretation of the EPR paradox and its implications on quantum theory [Bohr 1935], Later, Bohm considered [Bohm 1951] two entangled spin-1/2 particles, which have become the center of attention on this EPR issue their... 

First, these questions have obvious entanglements with ideological and metaphysical issues. On the one hand, philosophical precommitments influence the plausibility criteria by which theories are assessed. On the other hand, scientific conclusions have implications for the justification of theological and moral belief. We will clearly see these dynamics at work in the controversies that follow. 

The common two-dimensional representation is done in terms of a time axis and one space axis, which is interpreted as three space directions at the same time. The so-called time cone, and by implication the complementary space cone, extends into a further undefined dimension, perpendicular to the x,t plane of the diagram. To get the complete picture it is necessary to superimpose three mutually perpendicular Minkowski bodies of this type, which is only posssible in four dimensions. In this superposition the time axis does not remain fixed and becomes entangled with the space directions as seen in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional surface of the generalized hght cone of Figure 4.2 becomes a surface in four-dimensional space-time that separates all space into two equivalent regions. 

Prom the series of experiments reported above it is evident that chain folding at the interphase plays an important role in packing of the chains within the crystalline lattice. In this section we aim to investigate the influence of the interphase on the melting behaviour of crystals and its implications in the polymer melt. Material investigated for the purpose is a solution crystallized UHMW-PE. Salient features on the material have been summarized in the section 4 of this chapter and details have been provided in [31]. Since the solution crystallized UHMW-PE is made from dilute solutions, the number of entanglements between the crystalline and amorphous regions is reduced to an extent that the material can be drawn in the solid state (Fig. 15.5) by more than 100 times. 

The information contained in qubits and entangled states includes the phase any error in the phase has important implications (e.g., changing an entangled to a product state). To perform complex quantum computations, we need to reliably prepare a delicate superposition of states of a relatively large quantum system, which cannot be perfectly isolated from the environment hence the superpositions always decay. The decoherence of an entangled state is even faster the nonlocal correlations are extremely fragile and decay very rapidly. Also, applications of unitary transformations to qubits will not be flawless, and errors can accumulate. 

In Section II.B of Chapter 3 the chemical kinetics of the gel effect was considered. However, this effect that is also known as the Trommsdorjf effect has also its implication for the development of the viscosity. Cioffy (9) studied the viscosity development during chain polymerization reactions. Three regions can be distinguished In the first region no entanglements... 

This theoretical conclusion has not been confirmed by direct reptation experiments, but it has some implications. Mechanical measurements on strongly entangled, high molecular weight chains may be completely dominated by the presence of a few branch points. If exponential laws such as eq. (VIII.23) are involved, we need only a small fraction of branch points, and such fractions cannot be detected by standard physicochemical methods. We conclude that mechanical measurements in long chain systems can be extremely sensitive to certain chemical defects. Unfortunately, we do not have reptation data on controlled branched polymers. We do have data on mechanical properties of branched melts,but the melt problem is much more complex than the reptation problem, as shown in next section. 

Saccharide Oligomers and Polymers as Moisture Management Agents. The relationship between the solute concentration and linear DP requirements for entanglement and network formation, and its resultant effect on Tg (molecular vs. network), also has important implications for moisture management by saccharide oligomers and polymers (6.7). ... 

Gregory, M.R. (2009) Environmental Implications of Plastic Debris in Marine Settings Entanglement, Ingestion, Smothering, Hangers-on, Hitch-hiking, and Alien Invasions , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 364(1526) 2013-26. 

There are also references in both Epicurus and Lucretius to the extent internal motions of constituent atoms might be in harmony or in conflict. There does not seem to be extensive working out of these implications, but the impression is one of a theory concerning aggregate compositions that is much more attuned to dynamic interplay of constituent motions — a sense of atomic aggregations which are themselves dynamic compositions, instead of a comparatively static composition of atoms constrained to share a group movement by the mechanical hold of hooks or entanglement. 

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