Engines, internal combustion emission control

PGM catalyst technology can also be appHed to the control of emissions from stationary internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Catalysts have been designed to treat carbon monoxide, unbumed hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, which arise as a result of incomplete combustion. To reduce or prevent the formation of NO in the first place, catalytic combustion technology based on platinum or palladium has been developed, which is particularly suitable for appHcation in gas turbines. Environmental legislation enacted in many parts of the world has promoted, and is expected to continue to promote, the use of PGMs in these appHcations. 

Hyeon Kim, M. and Nam, l.-S. (2004) New opportunity for HC-SCR technology to control NO emission from advanced internal combustion engines, in Catalysis, 18, (ed. J.J. Spivey), Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 116-185. 

Variable valve timing is being developed to improve the performance and reduce the pollution emissions from internal combustion heat engines for automobiles and trucks. A unique benefit for these engines is that changing the timing of the intake valves can be used to control the... 

A major engineering textbook from 1998, which should contain just about everything one needs to know about Diesel emissions, is entitled Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines with the subtitle Pollutant Formation and Control. The book is co-authored by a dozen of the world s leading experts on automotive emissions. It should be an excellent source of information on precisely how one might kill people with Diesel exhaust. But in the entire 550 page book, which is rather typical of all other hooks one can find on this subject, there was only one sentence relevant to our subject.65... 

Tn the past considerable attention has been directed towards the well publicized formation, analysis, and control of gaseous air pollutant emissions such as NO., CO, unbumed HC, and SO, . In contrast relatively little effort has been devoted to the study of nongaseous emissions, especially particulate emissions from internal combustion engines. This is partly caused by the fact that, on a weight basis, the amoimt of relatively large particulate matter formed in and emitted from automobiles... 

New Opportunity for HC-SCR Technology to Control NOx Emission from Advanced Internal Combustion Engines... 

We have examined the use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel for the private automobile powered by an internal combustion engine and found it is a satisfactory fuel from the users standpoint there are no insurmountable technical barriers to its use and it has several clear advantages over current fuels. These advantages are very low emissions without performance degrading pollution control devices. 

Oxygen sensors are the most widely used solid electrolyte-based sensors [393-395], because the control of oxygen concentrations is critical to controlling the combustion process. For automotive applications, exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensors provide critical information for controlling the air-to-fuel ratio for internal combustion engines [396, 397]. Tlte use of an optimal air-to-fuel ratio leads to increased efficiency and reduced emissions. 

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