Knowledge power

Morgan, K. and Murdoch, J. (2000) Organic vs. conventional agriculture knowledge, power and innovation in the food chain. Geoforum3, 159-173. 

Vouros, G.A. Technological issues towards knowledge-powered organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management 7(2) 114-127, 2003. 

Moore, R., Amot, M., Beck, J., Daniels, H. (2006). Knowledge, Power and Social Change Applying the Sociology of Basil Bernstein (E ed.). Routledge. 

Fleck and Tierney91] Fleck J and Tierney M "The Management of Expertise Knowledge, Power and the Economics of Expert Labour." Edinburgh PICT Working Paper, No. 29,1991... 

Note that this relationship is in conPadiction to the well known equation for the calculation of the thickness resolving power given by Halmshaw in 111. The relationship in 111 requires explicit knowledge about built-up factors for scatter correction and the film contrast factory (depending on D) and is only valid for very small wall thickness changes compared to the nominal wall thickness. 

All three tasks are generally too complicated to be solved from first principles. They are, therefore, tackled by making use of prior information, and of information that has been condensed into knowledge. The amount of information that has to be processed is often quite large. At present, more than 41 million different compounds are known all have a series of properties, physical, chemical, or biological all can be made in many different ways, by a wide range of reactions all can be characterized by a host of spectra. This immense amount of information can be processed only by electronic means, by the power of the computer. 

DENDRAL proved to be fundamentally important in demonstrating how rule-based reasoning could be developed into powerful knowledge-engineering tools [93]. 

Quantum mechanics gives a mathematical description of the behavior of electrons that has never been found to be wrong. However, the quantum mechanical equations have never been solved exactly for any chemical system other than the hydrogen atom. Thus, the entire held of computational chemistry is built around approximate solutions. Some of these solutions are very crude and others are expected to be more accurate than any experiment that has yet been conducted. There are several implications of this situation. First, computational chemists require a knowledge of each approximation being used and how accurate the results are expected to be. Second, obtaining very accurate results requires extremely powerful computers. Third, if the equations can be solved analytically, much of the work now done on supercomputers could be performed faster and more accurately on a PC. 

However, the iadustry s popular terminology is the energy consumption expressed ia terms of kilowatt hours per ton of (Pq[) oi of NaOH An estimate of this value requires a knowledge of cell voltage, current efficiency, and the efficiency of the rectifier used to convert a-c power to d-c. The energy consumption for producing a ton of is... 

Herein reactors are described in their most prominent appHcation, that of electric power. Eive distinctly different reactors, ie, pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, heavy water reactors, graphite reactors, and fast breeder reactors, are emphasized. A variety of other appHcations and types of reactors also exist. Whereas space does not permit identification of all of the reactors that have been built over the years, each contributed experience of processes and knowledge about the performance of materials, components, and systems. 

Definition 2 is phrased in terms of knowledge-based systems rather than expert systems. No reference is made to expert human problem solvers. Definition 2 captures the sense that the representation and manipulation of knowledge is the source of such a system s power, whether or not that knowledge is dkecdy eHcited from a human expert. 

S. K. Shum and co-workers, "A Knowledge-Based System Framework for Diagnosis in Process Plants," in Proceedings of the Seventh Power Plant Dynamics, ControlandTestingSymposiums Knoxville, Term., 1989. 

The above covers most conventional mixers there is another class of mixers, called pump-mix impellers, where the impeller serves not only to mix the fluids, but also to move the fluids through the extraction stages. These are speciahzed designs, often used in the metals extraction industries. For these types of impellers, a knowledge of the power characteristics for pumping is required in addition to that for mixing. For a more detailed treatment of these special cases, the reader is referred to Lo et al. 

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