Engine Oils Additives

Baldwin RW, Cunningham GJ, Pratt D. 1964. Carcinogenic action of motor engine oil additives. Br J Cancer 18 503-507. 

The PFAS are used in the production of stain-repelling agents, and fluoropolymers, such as Teflon, pesticides, lubricants, paints, medicines, and fire-fighting foams. PCNs are used in cable insulation, wood preservatives, engine oil additives, electroplating masking... 

If deposits found on filters, pump parts, and engine systems contain high levels of zinc, calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur, the possible source of the contamination is lubricating oil. These elements are part of the composition of the engine oil additive package. The elements and the compounds in which they can be found are listed in TABLE 4-11. 

In North America, Halowax mixtures were produced and sold with varying chlorine content. Halowaxes 1031 and 1000 were predominantly mono-and dichloronaphthalenes (mono- and diCNs), with 22-26% chlorine content, and used as engine oil additives (15 -18% of the Halowax market) and in... 

Caracciola, F and Spearot, J. A. SAE Paper 790941, October 1979, "Engine Oil Additive Effects on the Deterioration of a Stoichiometric Emissions Control (C-4) System. ... 

As well as atmospheric sources, pyrolysis of fluorine-containing polymers, which may occur in engine oil additives, non-stick cookware or incinerated medical equipment (i.e. syringes) and household waste, may also produce TFA. This process may also produce perfluorinated alkanes and cycloalkanes, which have significant GWP, and have estimated tropospheric half-lives of more than 2000 years. Trifluoroacetate may also be produced by metabolism of trifluoromethyl-containing drugs such as Prozac, and anaesthetics including halothane and iso-fluorane [4],... 

Manufacturing-Petroleum Additives Driveline Additives Engine Oil Additives Fuel Additives Marine Additives... 

PCNs are a group of compounds with similar physical chemical properties to PCBs [65]. They contain one to eight chlorine atoms per naphthalene molecule and form a complex mixture of 75 congeners. They were produced before PCBs but were replaced by the latter compounds after incidents of worker-related toxicity [66]. Although the use of PCNs has declined in the past few decades, they are not prohibited in most countries and stiU occur in many PCB-like applications such as capacitor fluids, engine oil additives and electrical insulators [67]. 

Although the aforementioned products - engine oil additives and pesticides - could not be more different in terms of the nature of their utilization, their preparation stems from the same reaction, namely the alcoholysis of P4S10. The resulting diaUcyldithiophosphoric acids, SS(H)P(OR)2, can react with... 

McDonnell, T.F. and Tempe, S.A., The Effects of Engine Oil Additives on Vehicie Fuel Economy, Emissions, Emission Control Components and Engine Wear, SAE Progress in Technology Series, No. 27, p. 245, (1982). 

There are many classes of engine oil additives or ingredients. Three particular examples are ... 

Ueda, F., et al., Engine Oil Additive Effects on Deactivation of Monolithic Three-Way Catalysts and Oxygen Sensors, SAE Paper 940746,1994. 

In 2002, a paper was published on the phosphorus volatility results that appeared in the lOM database from 1999-2001 [9]. Contrary to expectations, it was found that phosphorus volatility was neither related to engine oil volatility nor to the phosphorus content in the unused engine oil. It was speculated that this lack of correlation with initial phosphorus additive concentration could be explained by either or both 1) effects of other engine oil additives and 2) variations in the chemistry of the phosphorus additives. A 2002 field study conducted by Ford Motor Company of catalyst degradahon by phosphorus-containing oils [10] was subsequently shown to correlate with the PEI data generated from the Selby-Noack bench test and, further, showed that phosphorus volatilization was strongly affected by other oil additives [11]. 

G.W. (Tanning, M.L. Suominen Fuller, G.M. Bancrofl, M Kasrai, J.N. (Tutler, G. De Stasio, B. Gilbert, Spectromicroscopy of tribolc ical films from engine oil additives. Part I. Films from ZDDP s, Tribol. 

In engine oils, additives are nsed to control the acidity of the oil. The acidity is the result of (a) blowby of combustion oxidation prodncts that end up in the crankcase oil and (b) oxidation of the engine oil in the crankcase over time. Total add number... 

S Korcek, R K Jensen, M D Johnson and J Sorab, Fuel efficient engine oils, additive interactions, boundary friction and wear . Lubrication at the Frontier/D Dowson et al. Editors, pp 13-24,1999... 

Uses Emulsifier corrosion inhibitor chemical intermediate producing sulfosuccin-imides for carpetback binding, engine-oil additives, ethoxylates for detergent appiics. 

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