Energy-Storage Technologies

An ideal energy-storage system is one that is well matched to its particular application, i.e., it would be scaled to meet the demands of the application. The most broadly applicable system would be capable of the following attributes  

Energy-storage systems with lead acid (flooded or VRLA) batteries as the storage component can have most of these attributes. On a given cycle, however, the energy available from a BESS is a function of the rate (power) at which it is 

The content of Figs. 10.1 and 10.2 is summarized in Fig. 10.3 by showing power as a function of discharge duration for both applications and energy-storage technologies. Supercapacitors, flywheels, and SMES are shown to be primarily useful for power-quality applications. Batteries are suitable for a broad spectrum of applications, and pumped-hydro and CAES are shown to be primarily useful for load levelling [9]. 

Batteries store energy in chemical form in the active mass of electrochemical cells. In most batteries, e.g., lead-acid and nickel-cadmium, the active mass is integrated into the electrodes of the electrochemical cell, and the capacity and power are nearly proportional to the battery weight. In other electrochemical storage systems, 

Batteries deliver d.c. when discharging and accept d.c. when charging. Thus, when used in a.c. systems, conversions between a.c. and d.c. are necessary in both directions. Among the several storage technologies, BESS is, perhaps, the most versatile because of its high specific power, acceptable specific energy, relatively low cost, and wide spectrum of applications. The response time of a BESS is typically about 4ms. 

---

EC = ethylene carbonate DME = dimethoxyelhane DMC = dimethyl carbon ate DEC = diethylcarbonate. Derived from LIBES (Lithium Battery Energy Storage Technology Research Association) released information. 

EU = European Union USABC = United States Battery Advanced Consortium IREQ = Hydro-Quebec ANL = Argonne National Laboratory EDF = Electricity de France LIBES = Lithium Battery Energy Storage Technology Research Association,... 

Miller JR. Capacitor tech talk. Battery and Energy Storage Technology (BEST) Magazine, October 2007 125. 

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful products is an important subject in modem chemistry, which will contribute to a new energy storage technology in the next generation. 

Widespread use of new, renewable, carbon-neutral energy sources will require major breakthroughs in energy storage technologies.9... 

Under low-temperature conditions, the battery will rarely achieve a full SoC. In fact, the specifications laid down in the various standards do not represent the duty the SLI battery has to serve in a modern automobile. For advanced vehicle electrical systems, which may be a motivation for new battery technologies like the VRLA, it is essential to know the expected operating condition in order to evaluate alternative energy-storage technologies. 

Institute for Electrical Energy Storage Technology, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany... 

Haii, P. ]., and Bain, E. J. [2008]. Energy-storage technologies and eiectricity generation. Energy Policy, 36, pp. 4352-4355. 

---