Energy ozone layer

Ever) year our planet is bombarded with enough energy from the Sun to destroy all life. Only the ozone in the stratosphere protects us from that onslaught. The ozone, though, is threatened by modern life styles. Chemicals used as coolants and propellants, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and the nitrogen oxides in jet exhausts, have been found to create holes in Earth s protective ozone layer. Because they act as catalysts, even small amounts of these chemicals can cause large changes in the vast reaches of the stratosphere. 

Colorless, reactive gas. Oxygen was not present in the initial atmosphere of the Earth, although at 50 % it is the most common element in the crust of the Earth (oxides, silicates, carbonates, etc.). The compound with hydrogen is remarkable. The hydrides of all other elements are unpleasant compounds, but H20 is the molecule of life. The 02 found in the air today, of which it makes up 20 %, was formed in the process of evolution by photosynthesis of algae, which then also allowed life on solid land. Oxidation with oxygen became and is still the dominant pathway of life forms for obtaining energy (respiration). Used in medicine in critical situations. Oxidations play a key role in chemistry (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, ethylene oxide, etc.). The ozone layer in space protects the Earth from cosmic UV radiation. Ozone (03) is used in the... 

Life on Earth requires the energy from the Sun as a primary energy source but it must be protected from all of the radiation at shorter wavelengths. Radiation shorter than 323 nm can break the C-C bond and this would lead to mutations or complete photolytic destruction of carbon-based life forms. The protection from the short-wavelength radiation is achieved on Earth in two ways the ozone layer and the photic zone. 

The role of biomass in the natural carbon cycle is not well understood, and in the light of predictions of a future atmospheric energy balance crisis caused by carbon dioxide accumulation, in turn the result of an exponential increase in the consumption of carbon fuel, the apparent lack of concern by scientists and policy makers is most troubling. Yet there is no other single issue before us in energy supply which will require action long before the worst effects of excess production will be apparent. The only satisfactory model is the action taken by the R D community with respect to the SST in nitric oxide potential and chloro-halocarbon emissions, when it was realised that the stratospheric ozone layer was vulnerable to interference. Almost all other responses to pollution" have been after definitive effects have become apparent. 

Mainly because of two factors, (1) energy conservation and cost and (2) the desirability of phasing out the use of chlorofluorccarbons (CFCs) in an attempt to slow the deterioration of Earth s ozone layer, refrigeration technology is under intense scrutiny as of the early 1990s. 

Notice how the temperature of the atmosphere changes with altitude. Close to the surface of the Earth, the temperature is about 20°C. The temperature falls to about — 55°C at 15 km and then rises again at higher altitudes. One reason that the stratosphere is warmer than lower regions of the atmosphere is the fact that solar radiation causes different chemical reactions at different altitudes. For example, these reactions result in a relatively stable concentration of ozone we call the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The reactions that produce ozone also release energy and, as a result, the temperature rises with altitude. 

Relatively little of the atmosphere s mass is located above the troposphere, but the chemistry that occurs there is nonetheless crucial to maintaining life on earth. Particularly important is what takes place in the ozone layer, an atmospheric band stretching from about 20-40 km above the earth s surface. Ozone (03) is a severe pollutant at low altitudes but is critically important in the upper atmosphere because it absorbs intense ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Even though it is present in very small amounts in the stratosphere, ozone acts as a shield to prevent high-energy solar radiation from reaching the earth s surface, where it can cause such problems as eye cataracts and skin cancer. 

CFC-12. CFCs escape into the atmosphere and, because of their inertness, remain without further reaction until they reach the stratosphere and the ozone layer. In the stratosphere the high-energy ultraviolet radiation causes a chlorine atom to split off from the CFC molecule. This chlorine atom, or free radical, then reacts with the ozone. 

Another source of radiation is space. As we know the energy of our sun and all other stars form nuclear fusion reactions. Not only heat and light but also nuclear radiation come to the Earth from space. This nuclear radiation is called cosmic rays or cosmic radiations . The earth s ozone layer usually absorbs these types of radiations. However, a very small quantity of cosmic rays reaches the Earth s surface. Briefly, it is not possible to get rid of radiation. 

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