Energy measures, cost effectiveness

The supply cuiwe is useful because it shows which measures should be selected first—the ones on the left—and the cumulative energy savings. Measures with CCEs less than the price of the saved energy are cost-effective. In the example, an energy price line has been drawn to show the cut off point those measures below the energy price line are cost-effective. 

A micro supply curve of conserved energy for a large commercial refrigerator. Each step represents a conservation measure. The numbers above the steps are keyed to the measure descriptions in the legend. Note that measures 1-4 are cost-effective because the cost of conserved energy is less than the energy price. If energy prices rise, then measures 6 and 7 may also become cost-effective. 

Some conseivation measures do not easily fit into the form of an initial investment followed by a stream of energy savings because there will be other costs and benefits occurring during the measure s operating life. Furthermore, it is difficult to incorporate peak power benefits into the CCE approach. In these situations, a more precise analysis will be necessary. However, the CCE and supply cuive approaches provide first-order identifications of cost-effective conseivation, those... 

Screening techniques are relatively cost-effective and require only a small chemical sample however, they do not measure gas evolution or maximum pressure rise. A material is generally considered to be thermally stable if the temperature at which energy from reaction is first observed is at least 100 degrees Celsius (°C) above the maximum operating temperature of a process event under upset conditions (CCPS 1995b p. 93). 

Current Economics of Energy Conservation. Gyftopoulos and Widmer presented thirteen examples of the cost effectiveness of energy conservation measures (42-44) including an analysis of heat recovery in cement production. 

Examples of the Cost Effectiveness of Energy Conservation Measures... 

A number of DFT calculations investigating the performance of a variety of functionals were performed for three complex anions of vanadium(V) with tartrato ligands. As expected, one can hardly find a universal DFT method to equally well describe structures together with the spectral properties. Our further aim was to complement the experimentally available data for 1, 2, and 3 [16, 17]. Hence, we have confronted the results with those experiments. Strac-tural parameters have been fairly well described using the BP86 functional which can be safely recommended for further computations of a similar kind as a good compromise between the cost-effectiveness and accuracy. Consequently, the vibrational energy distribution analysis confirmed and/ or complemented the measured spectral data. 

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