Energy alkaline manganese cell

Table 15.3 also shows that certain electrochemical systems, given, the same size are interchangeable, e.g. a lithium cell can replace two carbon-zinc (dry) cells or two silver oxide cells the same goes for three lead-acid cells compared to four alkaline manganese cells. In real life this is only possible to some extent, as certain specific properties of different electrochemical systems regarding their on-load characteristics, their energy content, and special constructive details resist this interchange. Two or three alternatives can always be found and should be evaluated. 

Mallory claim that their lithium cells offer gravimetric energy densities of up to 330Wh/kg, nearly three times that of mercury cells and four times that of alkaline manganese cells. The volumetric energy density is 50% greater than that of alkaline manganese cells. 

Performance. Alkaline manganese-dioxide batteries have relatively high energy density, as can be seen from Table 2. This results in part from the use of highly pure materials, formed into electrodes of near optimum density. Moreover, the cells are able to function well with a rather small amount of electrolyte. The result is a cell having relatively high capacity at a fairly reasonable cost. 

Other cathodes which have been studied include CuO and NiO(OH). The energy densities of a number of systems (including alkaline manganese and air-depolarized zinc cells for comparison) are given in Table 3.2. 

Alkaline manganese batteries perform similarly to carbon-zinc batteries in that the service hours delivered are greater when the cut-off voltage is lower. The cut-off voltage should be made as low as possible so that the high energy density of the cell can be used. 

Table 9.8 compares the energy density of Dura-cell lithium—manganese dioxide button and cylindrical cells with those of conventional mercury—zinc, silver-zinc and zinc-alkaline manganese dioxide and carbon-zinc cells. 

Alkaline cells offer the highest energy density (more energy per given volume) of any zinc-manganese dioxide cell, and the manufacturers continue to improve on performance. In 1998, Duracell intro-... 

The button cells that provide the energy for watches, electronic calculators, hearing aids, and pacemakers are commonly alkaline systems of the silver oxide-zinc or mercuric oxide-zinc variety. These alkaline systems provide a vei y high energy density, approximately four times greater than that of the alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery. 

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