Factors chain

Chain branching Correction factor Chain branching Correction factor... 

Because of these factors, chain reactions are inherently unpredictable. Chemical and thermal autocatalysis make the overall rate r (Cj, T) not a simple function. Chain reactions can also be very fast so that the reaction may be limited by mass transfer processes. 

Sakatsume M, Igarashi K-I, Winestock KD, Garotta G, Larner AC, Finbloom DS. The Jak Kinases differentially associate with the a and b (accessory factor) chains of the interferon-g receptor to form a functional receptor unit capable of activating ST AT transcription factors. J Biol Chem 1995 270 17528-17534. 

Malek, A. M., Gibbons, G. H., Dzau, V. J., and Izumo, S. (1993). Fluid shear stress differentially modulates expression of genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor chain in vascular endothelium. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 2013-2021. 

Use for multi-faceted problems with long or complex causal factor chain... 

Causal factor analysis is used when there are multiple problems with a long causal factor chain of events. A causal factor chain is a sequence of events that shows, step by step, the events that took place in order for the accident to occur. Causal factor analysis puts all the necessary and sufficient events and causal factors for an accident in a logical, chronological sequence. It analyzes the accident and evaluates evidence during an investigation. It is also used to help prevent similar accidents in the future and to validate the accuracy of pre-accidental system analysis. It is used to help... 

On the downside, causal factor analysis is time consuming and requires the investigator to be familiar with the process for it to be effective. As can be seen later in this chapter, the accident scene may need to be revisited a number of times and areas that are not directly related to the accident may need to viewed, in order to have a complete event and causal factor chain. It requires a broad perspective of the accident in order to identify any hidden problems that would have caused the accident. 

The collection of facts should begin immediately after an accident occurs. Start with an accident site walk-through, interviews, and actual physical material collection. This will increase the accuracy of the information that is collected and help eliminate any uncertainty or vagueness. It wiU also help when it comes time to put together the event s causal factor chain. At this stage, the details will prove necessary. It is important to have as much information as possible in order to have an ideal accident investigation, including the events and the conditions at the time. 

USING CAUSAL FACTOR ANALYSIS (EVENT FACTOR CHAINS OR CHARTING)... 

As stated earlier, a Causal Factor Chain is nsed to trace the sequence of events surrounding an accident, including the Conditions that exist for the accident to occur. First, an examination of the event immediately preceding the accident should be performed to determine if it is the significant event. To evaluate the significance of the event, ask the following qnestion If this event had not occurred, would the accident... 

Causal factor chain. This is a cause and effect sequence where a specific action creates a condition that contributes to or results in an event. This creates new conditions that, in turn, result in another event, etc. Figure 12-1 summarizes a root cause analysis flow chart [2]. 

Events and causal factor analysis Use for multifaceted problems with long or complex causal factor chain Provides visual display of analysis process. Identifies probable contributors to the condition Time consuming and requires familiarity with process to be effective Requites a broad perspective of the event to identify unrelated problems. Helps to identify where deviations occurred from acceptable methods... 

Events should be placed in a rectangle and connected by arrows. The Primary Event Chain should be connected by bold arrows and directed to the accident. Conditions should be placed in ovals and connected by dashed arrows. Any event or condition that is presumptive, meaning you are not sure whether or not it has any effect on the accident, or cannot prove that it has occurred, or is related to the accident, should placed in dashed rectangles (events) or dashed ovals (conditions) and connected by dashed arrows. Secondary events, like primary events, should be placed in a rectangle and connected by arrows. However, when charting the secondary events, they must be on a different level, either above or below the Primary Event Line, this will help to reduce confusion on which events are primary and which are secondary. An example of an Event Factor Chain is shown in Figure 9-2. 

Potential sources of differences in fatty acid compostion among different groups of organisms, therefore, are the use of different substrates as the chain extenders (i.e. branched vs. straight-chain compounds) and metabolic control of fatty acid chain termination. These latter are complex and regulated by a variety of nutritional, developmental and environmental factors. Chain termination mechanisms can involve P-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase specificity (from 2-16 carbons) palmitoyl-ACP P-ketostearoyl-ACP synthetase (16-18 carbons) stearoyl-(oleoyl)-CoA P-ketoeicosanoyl-CoA synthetase (18-20 caibons) FAS systems catalyzing condensation of acyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA (20-n carbons) or, for 2-carbon... 

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