Endothelial cells dysfunction

Studies also suggested that IL-6 causes endothelial cell dysfunction and decrease of prostacyclin production. Soluble IL-6 receptors seem to play a modulating and enhancing role in IL-6 activity (FI 8). The incidence of detection appears to be less influenced by the method of assay, as either ELISA or bioassay techniques yield consistent results, with a high correlation between these techniques. IL-6 values may be more constant and endocrine-like than those values of TNF and IL-1. 

Leukotrienes increase vascular permeability, wall recruitment of leukocytes, endothelial-cell dysfunction, proliferation of smooth-muscle cells, immune reactivity and mediated vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis (43). 

A. J. Hnarg and S. C. Silverstsin, Mschantsitts of neutrophil migration across odu— thdium. In Endothelial Cell Dysfunctions (N. Simionescu and M, Simionescu, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, 1992, pp. 201-231. 

I. M. Cybulsky and M. A. Gimbione Jr, Endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecules in acute inflammation and atherogenesis. In Endothelial Cell Dysfunction... 

Ramasamy, S., Boissonneault, G.A., and Hennig, B., 1992, Oxysterol-induced endothelial cell dysfunction in culture, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 11 532-538. 

As the knowledge of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis rapidly increases, it appears that an active vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and blood-borne cells such as monocytes and macrophages all play active roles in the atherosclerotic disease process. Risk factors, such as elevated plasma levels of certain lipids, prooxidants, and cytokines, may contribute to the chronic activation/stimulation as well as to the damage of the endothelium and other vascular tissues (160). There is evidence that supports the hypothesis that it is not only pure cholesterol and saturated fats but rather oxidation products of cholesterol and unsaturated fats (and possibly certain pure unsaturated fats) that are atherogenic, possibly by causing endothelial cell injury/dysfiinction. Lipid-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction may lead to adhesion of monocytes, increased permeability of the endothelium to macromolecules, i.e., a decrease in endothelial barrier function, and disturbances in growth control of the vessel wall. 

M. Van den Berg, G. H. Boers, D. G. Franken, H. J. Blom, G. J. Van Kamp, C. Jakobs, J. A. Rauwerda, C. Kluft, and C. D. Stehouwert, Hyperhomocysteinemia and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Young Patients with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, European Journal of Clinical Investigations 25 (1995) 176-181. 

Angiotensin type lAand IB receptor double knockout (ATI DKO) mice Loss of angiotensin ii-induced contraction, reduced vasoconstriction to norepinephrine and endothelial cell dysfunction contribute to the renal vascular phenotype of ATI DKO mice [227]... 

Two-photon microscopy can be utilized to quantify microvascular flow rates within the kidney. Infusion of a nonfilterable intravenous fluorescent dye results in intravascular cells appearing as dark objects. Endothelial cell dysfunction within the microvasculature can be observed and quantified using the infusion of variously sized, differently colored dextrans or proteins. Movement of these molecules out of the microvasculature and accumulation within the interstitial compartment are readily observed during injury or disease. 

Wautier JL, Zoukourian C, Chappey O, Wautier MP, Gufllausseau PJ, Cao R, et al. Receptor-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products blocks hyperpermeability in diabetic rats. J Clin Invest 1996 97 238-43. 

Hennig, Bernhard University of Kentucky Superfund chemicals and endothelial cell dysfunction NIEHS... 

Hennig B, Slim R, ToborekM, et al. 1999. PCB-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction Implications... 

Toborek M, Barger SW, Mattson MP, et al. 1995. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls causes endothelial cell dysfunction. J Biochem Toxicol 10(4) 219-226. 

Lum H, Roebuck KA Oxidant stress and endothelial cell dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001 280 C719-C741. 

Extracellular matrix mimicry stress—strain behavior and compliance Rather than focusing on texture, one other approach arms to have similar mechanical properties to those of ECM and seems to be crucial in the cell differentiation process, especially since tissues are composed of smooth muscle cells that contract or relax depending on chemical stimuli. It has been observed that loose of vascular tissue contractility leads first to dilated vessels wall, secondly to endothelial cell dysfunction, and finally to atherosclerosis with free lumen dramatic decrease. Consequently, one assumption is to believe that newly formed tissue viability cannot be reached if mechanical properties of the fibrous scaffold do not mimic those of native tissue and particularly the native vascular wall compliance. 

HDL reverses endothelial cell dysfunction by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthetase activity (117). 

Harrison DG. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction. J Clin... 

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