Vascular Activity

Motterlini, R. et al. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules characterization of biochemical and vascular activities. Circ. Res. 90, E17-24 (2002). 

The molecular mechanism of diuretics acting as antihypertensive agents is not completely clear however, use of diuretics causes a significant increase in the amount of water and electrolytes excreted in urine, which leads to a reduction in the volume of extracellular fluid and plasma. This in turn leads to a reduction of cardiac output, which is the main parameter responsible for a drop in arterial blood pressure and venous blood return. Cardiac output is gradually restored, but the hypotensive effect remains, possibly because of the reduced peripheral resistance of vessels. It is also possible that diuretics somehow lower vascular activity of noradrenaline and other factors of pressure in the organism. Methods of synthesizing thiazide diuretics used for hypertension are described in the preceding chapter. Chapter 21. 

Pindolol, oxprenolol, acebutolol and alprenolol are /3-blocker ISA. A weak sympathomimetic effect can be seen in the heart if almost all /3-adrenoceptors are occupied by these compounds. The advantage of ISA might be that a basal /3-adrenergic stimulus is left. In some vessel beds a reduction of the vascular activity and thereby a reduction in resistance has been observed with pindolol which might be beneficial in the therapy of hypertension. The pharmacodynamic and -kinetic properties of some frequently used jS-blocker are shown in Table 2. 

Clinical reports - Organic nitrates and the p-adrenergic receptor blocking agents constitute the mainstay of therapy.54-58 The mechanism of action of nitroglycerin remains uncertain. Although recent evidence tends to underline its peripheral vascular activity,5 >55 several studies have also implicated a direct coronary artery or collateral response.43 46,52, 59>60 Clinical data generally support the hypothesis that primary coronary vasodilators are of limited value in this disease since vessels in ischemic areas are already dilated. -2 However, beneficial results have been reported in patients with the vasodilators chromonar (22)° and lidoflazine (j ).62 6 ... 

Zwi, L. J., Baguley, B. C Gavin, J. B., and Wilson, W. R. (1994) Correlation between immune and vascular activities of xanthenone acetic acid antitumor... 

Persistent vascular activity of ""Tc-pertechnetate has been observed when scintigraphy has been performed following a bone scan, due to radiolabeled RBC that had retained stannous ions (Ancri et al. 1977 Montelibano et al. 1979). 

Drazen, JM, Austen, KF, Lewis, RA, Clark, DA, Goto, G, Marfat, A and Corey, EJ (1980) Comparative airway and vascular activities of leukotrienes C-1 and D in vivo and in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77, 4354 358. 

Nakai K, Sakuma I, Satoh H, Kitabatake A. Vascular activities of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers relationship between vasoconstrictive activity and endotheUal permeability. In Kitabatake A, Sakuma I. (eds). Recent Advances in Nitric Oxide Research. Tokyo Springo--Verlag Tokyo 1998. p. 33 5. 

Ng, Q.S., Goh, V., Milner, J., et al. (2007). Effect of nitric-oxide synthesis on tumour blood volume and vascular activity a phase I study. Lancet Oncol. 8,111-118. 

Werner, G., Addick, K., Fricke, U., Klaus, W., Sarram, M., and Gielen, W., 1991, Sialic acid removal modulates the myocardial and vascular activity of calcium channel ligands, Biochem. Pharmacol. 42 S77-S87. 

An ester group at the 3 position is also essential for vascular activity of DHPs, while an ester at the... 

The cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular active drug pentoxyfylline (53) (Fig. 16) is reduced by S. cerevisiae to the alcohol 54 albeit with only 8% yield within 72 h. The highest conversion rates, however, have been obtained using Rhodotorula mucilagi-nosa, Eryptococcus macerans, or Curvularia falcata [95]. 

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