Endonuclease activity

Leanderson, P. and Tagesson, C. (1992). Cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage in cultured human lung cells role of hydroxyl radicals and endonuclease activation. Chem. Biol. Interact. 81, 197—208. 

Wyllie, A.H. (1980). Clucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endcgenous endonuclease activation. Nature 284, 555-556. 

Mak, C.-H. and Ko, R.C. (1999) Characterization of endonuclease activity from excretory/secretory products of a parasitic nematode, TrichineUa spiralis. European foumal of Biochemistry 260, 477-481. 

Phosphotransferases with paired acceptors 3.1.30 Endonucleases active with either ribo- or... 

Endonuclease activation and chromatin fr mentation are characteristic features of eukaryotic cell death by apoptosis. Which of the following chromosome structures would most likely be degraded first in an apoptotic cell ... 

Kuzuhara T, Iwai Y, Takahashi H, Hatakeyama D, Echigo N. (2009) Green tea catechins inhibit the endonuclease activity of influenza A virus RNA polymerase. PLoS Curr Influenza RRN1052. 

In brief, it is postulated that futile repair and endonuclease activation may both lead to DNA fragmentation after FdUrd treatment, with the dominant process depending on a cell-line-specific factor. Neither of the two observed fragmentation patterns resembles the random damage produced by ionizing radiation. 

Long RM, Moore L, Schoenberg DR. 1989. Halocarbon hepatotoxicity is not initiated by CaV stimulated endonuclease activation. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 97 350-359. 

Ca-+-stimulated endonuclease activation. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol., 350-359... 

RNA replicase isolated from Qj8-infected E. coli cells catalyzes the formation of an RNA complementary to the viral RNA, in a reaction equivalent to that catalyzed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. New RNA strand synthesis proceeds in the 5 —>3 direction by a chemical mechanism identical to that used in all other nucleic acid synthetic reactions that require a template. RNA replicase requires RNA as its template and will not function with DNA. It lacks a separate proofreading endonuclease activity and has an error rate similar to that of RNA polymerase. Unlike the DNA and RNA polymerases, RNA replicases are specific for the RNA of their own virus the RNAs of the host cell are generally not replicated. This explains how RNA viruses are preferentially replicated in the host cell, which contains many other types of RNA. 

In the second and third stages of replication ( )X174 RF molecules are themselves replicated and are then used for synthesis of new viral (+) strands. At both stages a virally encoded gene A protein, which has endonuclease activity, nicks the duplex. Cutting the (+) strand it leaves a free 3-OH on DNA residue 4305, while the 5 -phospho group of residue 4306 becomes... 

Adenosine 2, 3 -cyclic phosphate is scarcely accumulated, though other nucleoside 2, 3 -cyclic phosphates are accumulated as intermediates. This result suggests that the action of RNase T2 on RNA is owing to the cooperation of an adenylic acid specific endonuclease activity and a nonspecific exonuclease activity releasing mononucleotides from the 3 terminal. 

FEN-l s endonuclease activity removes flap substrates by a unique mechanism. As illustrated in Figure 7.2, FEN-1 is first loaded onto the 5 end of flaps (Tom et al., 2000 Wu et al., 1996). It then slides down the flap strand and cleaves the flap at the point of annealing (Tom et al., 2000 Wu et al., 1996). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a homotrimeric protein primarily found as a cofactor promoting the activity of DNA polymerase 6(Eissenberg et al., 1997), can promote FEN-l s endonuclease activity five- to 50-fold (Eisscnberg et al, 1997 Wu et al., 1996). 

McConkey D.J., Hartzell P., Duddy S.K., Hakansson H., and Orrenius S. 1988 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin kills immature thymocytes by Ca2+-mediated endonuclease activation. Science 242, 256-259. 

Another event associated with apoptosis is the fragmentation of DNA due to endonuclease activation. This fragmentation results in the appearance of increased numbers of free ends on the DNA molecules in the cell. By incubating fixed and permeabilized cells with... 

---