Bioreactor development

P aerugineum is a unicellular alga cultured under artificial or solar light in a freshwater medium supplied with CO2, in an outdoor bioreactor developed by Arad and Yaron. Algal growth was optimized for yield and for the properties of the blue color produced. The parameters that require close monitoring are light intensity and temperature, in order to avoid stress conditions that result in decreased color yield and solubility and increased biosynthesis of the polysaccharides that encapsulate the cells and are excreted into the medium. 

The slurry bioreactor developed by ECOVA Corporation65 showed a 93.4% reduction in PAHs over a 12-week treatment period with an initial 89.3% reduction in the first two weeks. 

Bioreactor Developments for Tissue Engineering Applications by the Example of the Bioartificial Liver... 

Hua J, Erickson LE, Yiin T-Y, Glasgow LA. A review of the effects of shear and interfacial phenomena on cell viability. Grit Rev Biotechnol 1993 13(4) 305-328. Tramper J, de Gooijer KD, Vlak JM. Scale-up considerations and bioreactor development for animal cell cultivation. Bioprocess Technol 1993 17 139-177. Griffiths B, Looby D. Scale-up of suspension and anchorage-dependent animal cells. Methods Mol Biol 1997 75 59-75. 

Figu re .8 Schematic diagram of an industrial continuous solid/gas bioreactor developed for the production of natural esters in a closed nitrogen loop. 

J. Tramper, K. D. de Gooijer. J. M. Vlak. Scale-up considerations and bioreactor development for animal cell cultivation. Bioprocess Technol 17 139-177, 1993. 

In this type of bioreactor, there is a compartment where cells remain attached to a surface or immobilized on or inside a biocompatible bed. Culture medium has to be pumped through this compartment for cells to have access to nutrients and dissolved oxygen. The main disadvantages of these bioreactors, developed for the cultivation of adherent cells that require a surface for proliferation, are the impossibility of obtaining homogeneous samples of the cell population and the limitations of scale-up. 

Zeilinger K, Schreiter T, Darnell M et al (2011) Scaling down of a clinical three-dimensional perfusion multicompartment hollow fiber liver bioreactor developed for extracorporeal liver support to an analytical scale device useful for hepatic pharmacological in vitro studies. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 17(5) 549-556... 

Immobilization and stabilization of enzymes and cofactors for bioreactor development... 

Beaubien, A., Baty, M., Jeannot, F., Francoeur, E., Manem, J. (19%). Design and operation of anaerobic membrane bioreactors development of a filtration testing strategy. Journal of Membrane Science, 109, 173—184. 

ANSYS simulation enables engineers to study multiphase distribution, heat and mass transfer calculations, chemical kinetics and reaction of gas-liquid reactions. These include the design of plate columns, packed columns and bubble columns, a loop reactor and bioreactor development, gas-in-liquid dispersion studies and emulsion design. 

Majors PD, McLean JS, Scholten JCM. NMR bioreactor development for live in-situ microbial functional analysis. J Magn Reson 2008 192 159-166. 

Velizaroy S., Reis, M.A. Crespo, J.G. (2011) The ion-exchange membrane bioreactor developments and perspectives in drinking water treatment. Chapter 4 in Coca-Prados, J. Gutierrez-Cervello, G. (eds.) Water purification and management. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C Environmental Security. Springer Science - - Business Media B.V pp. 119-145. 

Handa, A., A. N. Emery, and R. E. Spier (1987). On the evaluation of gas-liquid interfacial effects on hybridoma viability in bubble column bioreactors, Develop. Biol. Standard. 66, 241-253. 

Projects in oil-crop breeding as well as bioreactor development projects have to face competition from petrochemical intermediates and Increasing sophistication of traditional chemistry. However, in some areas of biotechnological research on lipids it has become visible that biotransformation reactions will lead to products hitherto unavailable from industrial chemistry. In order to further develop this field, the accumulation of more basic knowledge of molecular biochemistry of fatty acids In plants will be as Important as more efforts to master the commercial biotransformation of sparingly water-soluble compounds. 

King JA, Miller WM. 2007. Bioreactor development for stem cell expansion and controlled differentiation. Curr Opin Chem Biol ll(4) 394-8. 

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