Emulsion delivery system

To get a better idea of how to formulate the nanosized emulsion delivery systems suitable for parenteral, ocular, percutaneous, and nasal uses, the reader is referred to more detailed descriptions of methods of nanosized emulsion preparation [6, 116], A hot-stage high-pressure homogenization technique or combined emulsification technique (de novo production) is frequently employed in order to prepare nanosized emulsions with desired stability even after subjection to autoclave sterilization. Therefore, the steps involved in this technique in making blank anionic and cationic emulsions were arranged in the following order ... 

Comparision of Multiple-Emulsion Delivery Systems for Antigens with Other Systems 302 Conclusion 303 References 303... 

COMPARISION OF MULTIPLE-EMULSION DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR ANTIGENS WITH OTHER SYSTEMS... 

Tomasi M, Dertzbaugh MT, Hearn T, Hunter RL, Elson CO. 1997. Strong mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin within hpid particles of a new mnltiple emulsion delivery system for oral immunization. Eur J Immunol 27(10) 2720-2725. 

In this chapter we present the theory involved in developing sustained- and controlled-release delivery systems and applications of these systems as therapeutic devices. Although suspensions, emulsions, and compressed tablets may demonstrate sustaining effects within the body compared with solution forms of the drug, they are not considered to be sustaining and are not discussed in this chapter. These systems classically release drug for a relatively short period, and their release rates are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. 

Some drug delivery systems contain nutrients. For example, the vehicle for propofol is 10% lipid emulsion and most IV therapies include dextrose or sodium. 

Tabosa do Egito ES, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new amphotericin B emulsion-based delivery system. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996 38 485. 

Other pharmaceutical applications have seen the SdFFF applied successfully to monitor droplet size distributions in emulsions, together with their physical state or stability. Some examples are fluorocarbon emulsions, safflower oil emulsions, soybean oil emulsions, octane-in-water emulsions, and fat emulsions. SdFFF is also able to monitor changes in emulsion caused by aging or by the addition of electrolytes. SdFFF has been used to sort liposomes, as unilamellar vesicles or much larger multilamellar vesicles, the cubosom, and polylactate nanoparticles used as drug delivery systems [41]. 

Bunjes H., Siekmann B., and Westesen K., Emulsions of supercooled melts a novel drug delivery system, in Submicron Emulsions in Drug Targeting and Delivery, Benita S., ed., Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1998, 175. 

Retardation of release of functional ingredients. Since most of the biofunctionals express their functionality after passing the oral cavity, emulsion and encapsulation techniques are a perfect delivery system for food applications. Important aspects of this approach are stability and the beneficial combination with flavour systems. 

The other significant factor concerns the viscosity of the transparent system which is low although, as one group claimed, it is unlikely to be non-Newtonian. Whether these considerations are relevant to the formation of spontaneous emulsions (later) remains to be seen but this whole area is one of considerable scientific interest, quite apart from its pharmaceutical application as drug delivery systems. 

A number of other emulsion formulations have been tried as drug delivery systems on an experimental basis. No doubt these studies will continue into the future because emulsions are attractive as drug delivery systems and have been thoroughly studied by a number of researchers. 

McClements, D.J., Decker, E.A. (2009). Controlling lipid bioavailability using emulsion-based delivery systems. In McClements, D.J., Decker, E.A. (Eds). Designing Functional Foods, Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, pp. 502-546. 

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