Elemi resin, Manila

Etemi oil/ratin. E. oil is a colorless to light yellow oil, E. resin a goldeh-yellow to light brown, viscous mass. Production The oil by steam distillation, the resin by solvent extraction (e.g., with toluene) from Manila elemi resins, an exudate from the tree species Cana-rium luzonicum (Burseraceae) growing in the Philippines. The odor is fresh, herby-peppety, citrus-like with a woody-balsamic after odor. The odor of the resin is less intense than that of the oil. 

About 50 elemanes known to date comprise p-elemenone from the oil of myrrh, representing the Cope rearrangement product of germacrone, (-)-bicycloelemene from peppermint oils of various provenance (e.g. Mentha piperita or Mentha ar-vensis), and p-elemol which is not only a minor component of Javanese oil of citro-nella but is also found in the elemi oil with an odor like pepper and lemon, expressed from the Manila elemi resin of the tree Canarum luzonicum (Burseraceae). 

Synonyms Canarium indicum resinoid Elemi Elemi absolute Elemi anhydrol Elemi oil Elemi resin Elemi resinoid Gum elemi Manila elemi copal Manila elemi resin Resins, Manila elemi... 

Manila copals. See Copals, Manila Manila elemi copal. See Elemi gum Manila elemi oil. See Elemi oil Manila elemi resin. See Elemi gum Manila resin... 

R/8602H] Resinfusion 8610] Resinfusion 8611. See Epoxy resin Resin guaiac. See Guaiac gum Resinogum DD. See Dammar Resinoid 1382. See Phenolic resin Resinoid benzoin. See Gum benzoin Resin olibanum. SeeOlibanum Resins, Manila elemi. See Elemi gum Resin tolu. See Balsam tolu (Myroxylon balsamum)... 

Mono-unsaturated triterpene di-aeoondary glycol occurring in Manila elemi resin. Needles from MeOH.Aq. M.p. 220-1°. [all + 68° in CHCL. 

About one hundred ursanes have been obtained from nature so far. Most important of these is ursolic acid (540), first isolated in 1854 from leaves of Arc-tostaphylos uva-ursi. It is widely distributed in nature and has been mostly obtained from leaves and fruits, but has also been isolated from the bark of certain trees - e.g., Olearia paniculata and Betula pendula (207, 228). As already mentioned, a-amyrin (539) occurs together with 8-amyrin in Manila elemi resin, a-Amyrenone (the ketone corresponding to 539) occurs in the heartwood of Diospyros ebenum (174). ll)8-Hydroxy-a-amyrin has been isolated from black dammar, the resinous exudate of Canarium strictum (198). Other important members are 8-boswellic acid (541) from the oleoresin from Boswellia spp., and asiatic acid (542) first isolated from the leaves of Centella asiatica but also present in dammar resin (109, 228). 11-Oxoasiatic acid is a component of the resin from... 

Common/vernacular names Manila elemi, elemi oleoresin, and elemi resin. 

Though the words plastics and resins sometimes are used interchangeably, workers in the polymer industry generally make a distinction between them. Originally resin referred to the natural exudates of plants and trees such as rosin, copal, amber, elemi, kaure, manila, mastic, and batu. Later the word also became to be used for resin-like substances of animal origin such as shellac and casein. 

Analytical pyrolysis has been proven a very useful tool in the identification of resins used for artistic objects [16,17], The pyrograms of Manila copal, colophony, Venice turpentine, elemi, shellac, dammar, sandarac, and mastic were obtained and used as fingerprints for these materials. Manila copal, colophony, and Venice turpentine were characterized by the presence of a degradation compound from abietic acid (as the source of these resins is from species of Coniferae), probably methyl-isopropylnaphthalene. Elemi has a characteristic peak for elemicine, shellac showed a series of fatty acids, dammar showed the presence of sesquiterpenes (see Section 6.3), sandarac was characterized by a phenolic compound, totarol, and mastic was also identified by specific sesquiterpenes [17]. 

Around 60 elemanes are known at present and some of these have been isolated from woody tissues. (-)-Elemol (206) was first isolated in 1907 (350) from Manila elemi oil obtained from the oleoresin of Canarium luzonicum. (-)-)ff-Elemene (209) (238, 396), shyobunone (210) (419), and a few related elemanes occur in the essential oil from rhizomes of Acorus calamus, Resin from Ferula spp. (Galbanum resin) contains 10-epi-elemol (211) (391). The furane derivative, curzerenone (212), has been isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria (195). The majority of presently known elemanes have a lactone ring and are known as elemanolides they have been recently rewiewed (146). Callitrin (213) is an example of an elemanolide that has been isolated from the heartwood of Callitris col-umellaris (59). 

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