Electroplating metallization process

Indium chemicals and electroplated metal deposits ate replacing mercury (qv) in the manufacture of alkaline batteries (qv). Indium, like mercury, functions to reduce outgassing within the battery and promotes the uniform corrosion of the anode and cathode while the battery is under electrical load. Indium inorganic chemicals also find use as catalysts in various chemical processes. 

Electroplated Metals and Alloys. The metals electroplated on a commercial scale from specially formulated aqueous solutions iaclude cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iadium, iron, lead, nickel, platinum-group metals, silver, tin, and ziac. Although it is possible to electroplate some metals, such as aluminum, from nonaqueous solutions as well as some from molten salt baths, these processes appear to have achieved Httie commercial significance. 

Electroplating—the process of electrodeposition onto a metallic substrate of a thin adherent layer of a metal or alloy having desirable chemical, physical and/or mechanical properties. 

HBF4 (aq) and metal fluoroborates electroplating of metals, catalysts, fluxing in metal processing and surface treatment. HzSiF6 and its salts fluoridation of water, glass and ceramics manufacture, metal-ore treatment. 

The process of electroplating metals is another important application of electrolysis. Metals that easily corrode (Fe and Cu) can be plated by metals that are resistant to corrosion. Chromo - plating steel parts used in vehicles is a good example of electroplating. Steel bumpers become more corrosion-resistant when they are electroplated with nickel first, then with chromium. 

The two largcst-volume processes, in terms ot amount ol metal used and amount of surface urea coated, arc the liquid-phase metallizing processes hot dip coating and electroplating. 

Electroplating The process of depositing metals from solution in the form of a layer on other surfaces such as metal or plastic. 

Silver is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and a good reflector of light. It is relatively immune to oxidation but becomes tarnished by exposure to sulfur compounds in exceedingly small concentrations. It is an excellent electroplating metal and can also be deposited in thin films by evaporation. In Dewar flasks and other vacuum glassware, it is deposited from an aqueous medium by the Brashear process. Silver is an excellent brazing material and an important constituent of silver solder. The term silver is often applied to alloys of silver with copper for example Sterling silver contains 7.5 percent copper. Fine silver is 99.9+ percent silver. 

Metal processing, widely used for pickling, quenching, stripping, electroplating, galvanizing, and soldering. 

Electroplating The process by which an electric current is passed through a water solution of a metallic compound. 

Electroplating The process by which a thin layer of one metal is laid down on top of a second metal. 

Chromium VI is one of the major contaminants in industrial wastewater, particularly for metal processing activities, such as electroplating, for example. Because of its toxicity, its maximum concentration in treated wastewater must generally be 50 ig/L before being discharged into a receiving medium. 

Cadmium ranks close to lead and mercury as a metal of current toxicological concern. Cadmium is used in electroplating and galvanization, and in plastics, paint pigments (cadmium yellow), and nickel-cadmium batteries. Because <5% of the metal is recycled, environmental pollution is an important consideration. Coal and other fossil fuels contain cadmium, and their combustion releases the element into the environment. Extraction and processing of zinc and lead also lead to environmental contamination with cadmium. Workers in smelters and other metal-processing plants may be exposed to high concentrations of cadmium in the air however, for most of the population, food is the major source of cadmium. 

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