Metallic electroplating

Electroplated Metals and Alloys. The metals electroplated on a commercial scale from specially formulated aqueous solutions iaclude cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iadium, iron, lead, nickel, platinum-group metals, silver, tin, and ziac. Although it is possible to electroplate some metals, such as aluminum, from nonaqueous solutions as well as some from molten salt baths, these processes appear to have achieved Httie commercial significance. 

A.STM B533, Std. Test Methodfor Pee/ Strength of Metal Electroplated Plastics, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1992. 

After special pretreatments, specific grades of plastics can be put through electroplating processes similar to those used in the plating of metals. Electroplated plastic products are very durable and provide... 

This procedure has been utihzed to determine metal cations and anions in water sample [48,50,51], titanium in high-speed steel at a concentration level of 25 3 mg/g [22], heavy metals (20 to 400 mg/1) in electroplating waste waters [25], copper and nickel (5 mg/1) in metal electroplating baths on wedge-shaped plates [44], copper, lead, cadmium, or mercury in vegetable juices [29], and nickel (1 to 3.8 mg/1) in electroplating waste water of lock industries [42,47]. 

Precious metals Electroplating Electroless plating Conversion coating... 

Some common uses are in electrical wiring and components of electronic equipment, roofing, and pipes and plumbing and in the manufacturing of alloys such as brass, bronze, Monel metal, electroplating, jewelry, cooking utensils, insecticides, marine paints, cosmetics, and wood preservatives. 

Ultrasound has also been successfully employed for the production of novel inorganic compounds such as Si semiconductors in which case it is found that ultrasound increases yields of products and in some cases influences the reaction mechanism itself. For the traditional electrochemical process of metal electroplating the presence of ultrasound increases the thickness of the material deposited, as well as increasing the efficiency of the reaction. Ultrasound has also been successfully employed in the machining of complex electronic circuitry using electrochemical etching techniques. A majority of papers published in the literature still... 

The electrolytic production of materials is one of the oldest branches of electrochemical technology. Electrowinning and electrorefining of metals, electroplating, and electrolytic gas production are but a few examples. While still at an evolutionary stage, electroprocessing of materials presents enormous potential opportunities and could well have a significant commercial impact. A few examples are described below and are not intended to be all inclusive. 

Other alloys with steel and other metals Electroplating Coins and jewelry Nickel-cadmium batteries Catalysts for hydrogenation Light stabilizer in polyolefins... 

Nickel is used extensively in alloys, notably in stainless steel, other corrosion-resistant alloys such as Monel metal, and coinage metals. Electroplated Ni provides a protective coat for other metals. Nickel has widespread use in batteries recently, this has included the production of environmentally friendly nickel-metal hydride batteries (see Box 9.5) which out-perform NiCd cells (equation 21.5) as rechargeable sources of power in portable appliances. 

Spent cyanide plating bath solutions from electroplating operations (except (R,T) for precious metals electroplating spent cyanide plating bath solutions). 

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