Electrophoresis protein adsorption

A. W. K. Tiselius (Uppsala) electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins. 

Chemical surface modifications The first surface modification for the purpose of eliminating EOF and protein adsorption was recommended by Hjerten.28 The attachment of vinyl silanes allowed the polymerization of a variety of molecules to the surface. Most of the chemical modifications used for preparing capillaries for electrophoresis originated from the experience acquired over the years preparing GC and LC stationary phases. Chemical modification should conform to certain requirements, including the prevention of adsorption, the provision of stable and constant EOF over a wide pH range, chemical stability, ease of preparation, and reproduciblity of preparation. The effects of silanization of the inner surface of capillaries on electrophoretic separations have been extensively studied.26-29... 

TISEMIJS, ARNE W. K. (1902-1971). A Swedish biochemist who won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1948, for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins. His work also involved virus isolation and synthesis of blood plasma. He earned degrees from die University of Uppsala and Princeton University, as well as a multitude of honorary degrees. 

It has been found that the polymer surface having appropriately grafted nonionic, water-soluble polymer chains minimizes protein adsorption and cell adhesion. It should be noted that such minimum protein adsorption has been well known for a long time for hydrogels used for protein analysis such as polyacrylamine (PAAm) gel for electrophoresis, sephadex for protein gel filtration, and soft agar for cell culture. It is likely that the surface structure of these hydrogels resembles that of the grafted surface described above. 

Aug. 10,1902, Stockholm, Sweden - Oct. 29,1971, Uppsala, Sweden) Tiselius studied chemistry in Uppsala and joined the laboratory of -> Svedberg in 1925. In 1930 he received the Ph.D. for his thesis entitled The moving-boundary method of studying the electrophoresis of proteins . In 1937, a research professorship was established for Tiselius. His fundamental work in developing -> electrophoresis was encouraged and supported by Svedberg. In 1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his achievements in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis. 

The separation principle in capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) is the same as that of slab gel electrophoresis. Most often CGE is used in a denaturing mode with the incorporation of SDS and is referred to as SDS-CGE. As such, separation is based on the protein s molecular mass and, due to the sieving mechanism of the gel, smaller proteins migrate past the detector first. The use of a gel material and SDS decreases the EOF and eliminates protein adsorption to the capillary walls further ensuring that migration is based on molecular mass. This precludes the need for additives and coated capillaries. 

Gessner, A., Lieske, A., Paulke, B., and Muller, R. (2002), Influence of surface charge density on protein adsorption on polymeric nanoparticles Analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis, Ear. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 54(2), 165-170. 

Harnisch, S., and Muller, R. H. (1998), Plasma protein adsorption patterns on emulsions for parenteral administration Establishment of a protocol for two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 19, 349-354. 

Blunk, T. Hochstrasser, D.E. Sanchez, J.C. Muller, B.W. Muller, R.H. Colloidal carriers for IV drug targeting plasma protein adsorption patterns on surface modified latex particles evaluated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 1382-1387. 

B Verzola, C Gelfi, PG Righetti. Protein adsorption to the bare silica wall in capillary electrophoresis quantitative study on the chemical composition of the background electrolyte for minimizing the phenomenon. J Chromatogr A 868 85-99, 2000. 

Protein Adsorption. Since protein adsorption is the earliest event in the thrombotic response of the blood to polymers, the types of proteins adsorbed from plasma to polyacrylamide-Silastic and Silastic tubes were examined. As described in the Experimental section, plasma was recirculated through the tubes for 2 h at 37°C and rinsed away with buffer. The proteins adsorbed to the polymers were eluted with SDS, separated by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, and silver-stained using a new extremely sensitive method (19). Figure 10 shows the results of these assays. 

Graf M, Watzig H. Capillary isoelectric focusing— reproducibility and protein adsorption. Electrophoresis 2004 25 2959-64. 

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), which has been successfully used to establish a correlation between adsorbed proteins and in vivo behavior of polystyrene carriers coated with Poloxamers (Blunk etal, 1994) could be a helpful tool to study competitive plasma protein adsorption on PEG-coated nanospheres as a function of PEG chain length and surface density. Indeed, the relevance of the adsorbed plasma proteins (and their ratios and conformations) with respect to the in vivo fate of the particles remains to be uncovered. 

Protein adsorption studies on artificial hip-joint materials have focused mainly on albumin, as this is the most abundant protein in synovial fluid. Studies to evaluate albumin adsorption on ceramics and metals have been carried out using XPS and radiolabeling techniques [10.11] as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and chromatography [12,13]. Fluorescence microscopy has been applied to evaluate albumin adsorption on UHMWPE [6,14]. 

Tsai lY, Tomczyk N, Eckmann JI, Composto RJ, Eckmann DM. Human plasma protein adsorption onto dextranized surfaces a two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry study. Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces 2011 84[Pg.62]

Xu Y, Jiang H, Wang E (2007) Ionic liquid-assisted PDMS microchannel modification for efficiently resolving fluorescent dye and protein adsorption. Electrophoresis 28 4597-4605... 

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