Electronic image processing

In the future, data will increasingly be captured electronically. Image processing and developments in optical character recognition are already proving useful. Electronic data capture (using fax or pen-based methods) is used to collect data in some clinical trials. 

Polished and etched sections of composite materials and ceramics are examined by conventional methods of optical microscopic imaging at magnifications up to approximately 1000 1. These methods are described in Section 3.1.1 and illustrated by microstnictural images. Methods of electronic image processing are addressed in Section 3.1.2. Section 3.2 contains tips on contrast enhancement and etching of the polished section. 

Electronic image processing is a method for purposefully altering a microscopic image. Modem electronic microstmctural analyzers and contrast enhancement systems... 

Figure 26. Electronic image processing for enhancing the contrast of the glass phase in a polished section of aluminum oxide. Instrument Multicon, Leica.

To date, the usual way of recording the LEED pattern is a light-sensitive video camera with a suitable image-processing system. In older systems movable Earaday cups (EC) were used which detected the electron current directly. Because of long data acquisition times and the problems of transferring motion into UHV, these systems are mostly out of use nowadays. 

Oshida, K., Kogiso, K., Matsubayashi, K., Takeuchi, K., Kobayashi, S., Endo, M., Dressclhaus, M. S., Drcsselhaus, G., Analysis of pore structure of activated carbon fibers using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and image processing, 7. Mater. Res., 1995, 10(10), 2507 2517. 

K. P. Nott, L. Sun 2001, (Magnetic resonance imaging for industrial process tomography), J. Electron. Imag. 10, 601. 

For in situ investigations of electrode surfaces, that is, for the study of electrodes in an electrochemical environment and under potential control, the metal tip inevitably also becomes immersed into the electrolyte, commonly an aqueous solution. As a consequence, electrochemical processes will occur at the tip/solution interface as well, giving rise to an electric current at the tip that is superimposed on the tunnel current and hence will cause the feedback circuit and therefore the imaging process to malfunction. The STM tip nolens volens becomes a fourth electrode in our system that needs to be potential controlled like our sample by a bipotentiostat. A schematic diagram of such an electric circuit, employed to combine electrochemical studies with electron tunneling between tip and sample, is provided in Figure 5.4. To reduce the electrochemical current at the tip/solution... 

Keywords zeolite beta, IM-5, SAED, electron diffraction, HRTEM, image processing... 

Figure 5.5 Computer-generated model of quadruple helix structures made of D-Glu-8 (1) based upon image-processed electron micrograph of helical fibers. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 35. Copyright 1993 by the American Chemical Society.

Backscattered electron images, 24 76-77 Backscattered primary ions, 24 106 Back-scatter electron detectors, in fine art examination/conservation, 11 406 Backstaining, 10 303 Backus process, 4 810 Backward approach, to qualitative reliability analysis, 26 984 Backwash, 11 323... 

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