Electronic experimental investigation

The results of the electron diffraction investigation reported in this paper are collected in Table X. The re-investigation of benzene confirms the value 1.39 A. for the C-C distance and provides a rough experimental value for the C-H distance. In pyridine and pyrazine the C-N distance is greater than expected for Kekuld resonance the effect is attributed to extra reso-... 

Knight RW, Hall DJ, Goodling JS, Jaeger RC (1992) Heat sink optimization with apphcation to micro-channels. IEEE Trans Comp Hybrids Manuf Technol 15 832-842 Kohl MJ, Abdel-Khalik SI, Jeter SM, Sadowski DL (2005) An experimental investigation of microchannel flow with internal pressure measurements. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 48 1518-1533 Lasance CJM, Simons RE (2005) Advances in high performance cooling for electronics. 

Theoretical estimations and experimental investigations tirmly established (J ) that large electron delocalization is a perequisite for large values of the nonlinear optical coefficients and this can be met with the ir-electrons in conjugated molecules and polymers where also charge asymmetry can be adequately introduced in order to obtain non-centrosymmetric structures. Since the electronic density distribution of these systems seems to be easily modified by their interaction with the molecular vibrations we anticipate that these materials may possess large piezoelectric, pyroelectric and photoacoustic coefficients. 

For PR3/P(OR)3-stabilized nickel complexes, there are two borderline cases known from the experimental investigation of Heimbach et al. 1 which, unlike the usual behavior, redirect the cyclo-oligomerization reaction into the Ci2-cyclo-oligomer production channel. Catalysts bearing either strong a-donor ligands that must also introduce severe steric pressure (e.g., PBu Pr2) or sterically compact n-acceptors (like P(OMe)3) are known to yield CDT as the predominant product. From a statistical analysis it was concluded,8a,8c that the C8 Ci2-cyclo-oligomer product ratio is mainly determined by steric factors (75%) with electronic factors are less important. 

In summary, the main issues were presented here concerning experimental investigation of fast-electron transport in solids irradiated at ultra-high intensity using high-power, femtosecond laser pulses. A discussion was given on... 

Electron-transfer reactions at ITIES resemble electron-transfer reactions across biological membranes, which adds a special interest. Also, in contrast to homogeneous electron-transfer reactions, they allow a separation of the reaction products. So it is disappointing to report that only very few experimental investigations of electron-transfer reactions at ITIES have been performed. This is mainly due to the fact that it is difficult to find systems where the reactants do not cross the interface after the reaction in addition, side reactions with the supporting electrolyte can be a problem. 

Because the reaction in a CL requires three-phase boundaries (or interfaces) among Nafion (for proton transfer), platinum (for catalysis), and carbon (for electron transfer), as well as reacfanf, an optimized CL structure should balance electrochemical activity, gas transport capability, and effective wafer management. These goals are achieved through modeling simulations and experimental investigations, as well as the interplay between modeling and experimental validation. 

Riboflavin undergoes a reversible and overall two-electron reduction process, in two overlapping one-electron steps. Both the final product and the one-electron reduction intermediate show acid base equlibria in the pH range 6-7. Thus a number of species take part in the redox process. Experimental investigation aimed at deriving the related equlibrium constants involves generation of the dihydro-... 

The article is organized as follows. In Sec. 2, we describe some of the basic physics of the interactions of LEEs with isolated molecules, including an account of the DEA process. In Sec. 3, we review experimental investigations of LEE impact on simple atomic and molecular solids. Studies of electron impact on molecules of biological interest are reviewed separately in Sec. 4. Finally, in Sec. 5, we consider with examples the relevance of this work for application in areas other than radiobiology. 

In the following, a brief survey is given of the experimental investigation of electron-ion recombination with particular emphasis placed on the comparison between the experimental and theoretical results as well as on that between the results in dense media and in low-density gases or beams. 

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