Electronic Charting

These electronic devices provide instant access to patient information. Caregivers can electronically assess, monitor, and chart patient care electronically. Some hospitals use coordinated systems that address patient care, medication verification, and computerized provider order entry. 

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Electronics—Notation—Data processing. 2. Electronics—Charts, diagrams, etc. 3. 

They average the BTU from the stripchart using an electronic chart averager. 

Decision-support systems, wherein transactions are screened according to a set of rules, add an additional layer of value to transactional systems. To be effective, such systems require that rules be invoked in real time and draw on data relevant to the transaction. For example, a drug order may be contraindicated based on allergies, or a laboratory order may be contraindicated by the results of previous tests or applicability in the context of the patient s condition as recorded in the electronic chart. The implementation of decision-support tectoology requires significant effort in the development of acceptable rules and the processing power to process them in real time. 

Works on electronic chart systems evolving, resulted with their appearance on navigational bridges of sea going ships. It is important however to mention, that for many years from the beginning, the solutions could only be used by navigators as so... 

On the other side, due to obvious advantages of navigation on electronic chart, in comparison to paper one, works on developing of an electronic chart system able to substitute traditional paper charts were also started. 

Interesting fact is, that for a couple of years since the resolution publication, the possibility of paper chart replacement by the electronic chart, was only the theory, because there were no systems MfiUing IMO criteria (it can be said there were no ECDIS systems). The first system received an official confirmation of fidfilling aU IMO performance standards for ECDIS systems (it can be then said -the first ECDIS system) in 1999 [http //www.transas.com/about/history]. 

The use of electronic chart database is enabling easy and quick access to additional complementary information concerning selected items of chart data (i.e. lighthouses, tides, currents, fairways, ports, pilotage etc.), that before were pl ed in many different nautical pubhcations. 

Implementation of electronic charts is reducing ship s costs of handling of huge, sometimes amounting with thousands of items, sets of conventional paper charts, and significant numbers of complementary publications. 

Electronic chart systems are the base for further, more advanced automation of navigational process performance, plus its fiill documentation and recording. 

The latest IMO resolution regarding performance standards for ECDIS systems Adoption of the Revised Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information S5rstems (ECDIS), adopted on the December 5, 2006 [Resolution... 

It is then recommended to perform further, more advanced researches, taking into account reliability factors for technical equipment, used in maritime transport for electronic chart systems performance. 

Resolution A.817(19), Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Informaticm Systems (ECDIS), Internationa Maritime Organization, London, November... 

Weintrit, A. 2009. The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), An Operational Handbook. A Balkema Book, CRC Press, Taylor Francis Group, Boca Raton - London New York - Leiden, 2009. 

Input data to the algorithm are registered with the use of an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) and an Automatic Identification System (AIS). These information include the course and the speed of every ship, and the distances and hearings of the target ships from the own ship. For situations in restricted waters information concerning shoals, shorelines and other static obstacles are coUected from the Electronic Chart Display and Information... 

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