Electron-beam irradiation and

Figure 15.19 shows the relationship between the percentage of height decrease (A) calculated from surface profile measurements and the electron beam dose for both fluorinated and nonfluorinated polyimides. The surface profile between the irradiated and nonirradiated areas was measured. The film shrinks because of electron beam irradiation, and the maximum shrinkage reaches up to 0.4% at the film surface. 

Iwanaga S, Akiyama Y, Kikuchi A et al (2005) Fabrication of a cell array on ultrathin hydrophilic polymer gels utilising electron beam irradiation and UV excimer laser ablation. Biomaterials 26(26) 5395-5404... 

Poly(e-CL-g-acrylamide) copolymers could be readily prepared using electron beam irradiation and Fe2+ ions provided by Mohr s salt as efficient terminators for grafted polyacrylamide chain radicals. Varying the Fe2+ ion concentration [149] enabled the average molecular weight of grafted chains to be varied within wide limits. Poly(DXO) and chemically cross-linked poly(DXO) (Scheme 20) could be grafted with acrylamide under similar conditions [150,151]. 

Electron beam irradiation and laser ablation has been successful in producing the metal dichalcogenide nanotubes. Laser ablation of MoS2 and WS2 targets produces substantial amounts of inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes.64 Electron beam irradiation of bulk WS2 powder yields various nanostructures of WS2 including inorganic fullerenes, nanotubes and nanorods.65... 

Fig. 3 Differential scanning calorimetry profiles (A) electron beam irradiation and (B) silane grafting and curing in hot water.

It is also possible to smoothen the walls of patterned resist features, using standard post-lithographic processing techniques such as UV hardening, electron-beam irradiation, and thermal flow. The use of surfactant rinse liquids has also been shown to improve LER of patterned resist features to acceptable values. ... 

Pham, L. Q., Sohn, J. H., Park, J. H., Kang, H. S., Lee, B. C., and Y. S. Kang. 2011. Comparative study on the preparation of conductive copper pastes with copper nanoparticles prepared by electron beam irradiation and chemical reduction. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80 638-642. 

Ali, Z. L, Effect of electron beam irradiation and vinyl acetate content on the physicochemical properties of LDPE/EVA blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2007,104(5), 2886-2895. 

Ali, Z. L, Youssef, H. A., Said, H. M., Saleh, H. H., Influence of electron beam irradiation and polyfunctional monomer loading on the physico-chemical properties of polyethylene/polypropylene blends. Advances in Polymer Tehcnology 2006,25,208-217. 

There are numerous ways of attaching polymers to a solid surface. Examples are photo cross-linking of pre-formed polymer chains, in-situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), electron beam irradiation,and plasma polymeriza-tion.f Electrochemical techniques are particularly suited for conducting substrates. For example, Palacin et al. have grafted vinylic monomers from anhydrous solutions.f This technique is mainly based on an anionic polymerization and leads to a covalent link between the polymer and the metal. Schuhmann et al. 

Manshaie et studied the physico-mechanical properties of NR/SBR blends cured by electron beam irradiation and sulphur. They showed that the irradiated blends have better mechanical properties than those cured by sulphur system. They also showed that the irradiation cured samples exhibited better heat stability than the sulphur cured samples. 

Mino N, Ozaki S, Ogawa K, Hatada M (1994) Fabrication of self-assembled monolayer patterns by selective electron beam irradiation and a chemical adsorption technique. Thin Sohd Films 243 374-377... 

Raj, J.M. (2009) A free volume study on the phase morphology modifications in binary polymer blends by electron beam irradiation and other routes. PhD Thesis, University of Mysore, India. 

Beam Current - This is a characteristic of electron beam irradiation and is calculated from the sur-... 

Han, Y.H., Han, S.O., Cho, D., and Kim, H.-I. (2007) Kenaf/polypropylene biocomposites effects of electron beam irradiation and alkali treatment on kenaf natural fibers. Compos. Interfaces,... 

On the other hand, the CNTs are less chemically and thermally stable compared with the bulk graphite or diamond crystal. Atoms at the open edge of a SWCNT could even melt or coalesce prior to that for atoms in the tube body at temperature much lower than the melting point of the bulk graphite (r = 3,800 K). The coalescent temperature of the MWCNT increases as the number of walls increases, being opposite in trend to the elastic modulus. Coalescence of the SWCNT happens at 1,073 K under energetic (1.25 MeV) electron beam irradiation, and the... 

FIGURE 30.12 SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces corresponding to as-received (A) and 150 kGy electron-beam irradiated and remelted (B) UHMWPE Izod impact specimens. Virgin UHMWPE fracture surfaces exhibit alternate regions of ductile and brittle fracture (C), whereas ductile features are absent in highly crosslinked UHMWPE specimens (D). 

Auhl, D., Stange, J., Munstedt, H., Krause, B., Voigt, D., Lederer, A., Lappan, U., Lunkwitz, K. Long-chain branched polypropylenes by electron beam irradiation and their rheological properties. MacromoL (2004) 37, pp. 9465-9472... 

While annealing is the most commonly used method to postcure a thermoset polymer, other methods (such as electron beam irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation) are also available. 

El Pray M, Bartkowiak A, Prowans P and Slonecki J (2000) Physical and mechanical behavior of electron-beam irradiated and ethylene oxide sterilized multiblock polyester, J Mater Sci Mater Medicine 11 757-762. 

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