Electromechanical model

Figure 14. Chronoampcrometry of polypyirole in acetonitrile containing 0.1M Li004. Potential steps were from the potential indicated to +200 mV.163 (Reprinted from T. F. Otero, H. Grande, and J. Rodriguez, An electromechanical model for the electrochemical oxidation of conducting polymers, Synth. Met. 76(1-3), 293-293, 1996, with kind permission from Elsevier Sciences S.A.)...

Carpi, F. and Rossi, D.D., Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators Electromechanical modeling and experimental evaluation, Mater. Set Eng., C24, 555, 2004. 

The dynamic behavior of the film s shear displacement vs position across the film thickness hf can be predicted from a continuum electromechanical model described by Reed et al. [10]. Several distinct regimes of dynamic behavior can be identified [40], determined by the acoustic phase shift, , across the film. 

Carpi F, De Rossi D (2004) Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators electromechanical modeling and experimental evaluation. Mater Sci Eng C 24 555... 

Usyk, T.P. and McCulloch, A.D., Electromechanical model of cardiac resynchronization in the dilated failing heart with left bundle branch block, J. Electrocardiol., 36,57-61,2003. 

Newbury, K. and Leo, D. (2003a). Linear electromechanical model of ionic polymer transducers-Part I Model Development, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 14, 6, p. 333. 

A dynamic electromechanical model was developed to simulate the actuation behaviour of the active catheter, and was used to smdy the feasibility of achieving high speed actuation (10-30 Hz) appropriate for OCT imaging. The model consists of a flexible tube (catheter) with inner and outer diameters of b = 280 pm and a = 500 pm with 10 pm thick polypyrrole coating as the active element. According to the model, a polymer thickness of 10 pm results in maximum tip displacement at high frequencies (10-30 Hz). The Young s modulus... 

As mentioned above, the correlation between specified and measured bulk material properties is problematic and further implications will become obvious in the subsequent detailed comparison between experiments and theory. Within the bounds of such variations and of the measurement accuracy, both representatives of the different micro-electromechanical modeling methodologies can be successfully validated. 

Proposition of an enhanced micro-electromechanical model to determine the constitutive properties of piezoelectric composites based on the sequential stacking of constituents with uniform fields. 

Validation of the micro-electromechanical model for piezoelectric composites with the aid of experimental and finite element modeling results available in the literature. 

P. Tan, L. Tong, Micro-electromechanics models for piezoelectric-fiber-reinforced composite materials. Comput. Sci. Technol. 61, 759-769 (2001)... 

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Ionic Polymer Electrodes Characterization Electromechanical model Nemst-Planck equation Onsager relation Electrochemical model Impedance Cyclic voltammetry Mechanical model... 

Newbury K-M, Leo D-J (2003) Linear electromechanical model of ionic polymer transducers - part I model development J Intell Mater Syst Struct 14 333-342 Nguyen XT, Goo NS, Nguyen VK, Yoo Y, Park S (2008) Design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a flap valve IPMC micropump with a flexibly supported diaphragm. Sens Actuators A 141 640-648... 

Shoa T, Madden JDW, Munce NR, Yang V (2010) Analytical modeling of a conducting polymer-driven catheter. Polym Int 59 343-351. doi 10.1002/pi.2783 Shoa T, Yoo DS, Walus K, Madden JDW (2011) A dynamic electromechanical model for electrochemically driven conducting polymer actuators. lEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 16 42-49. doi 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2090166... 

Shoa T, Mirfakhrai T, Madden JDW (2010c) Electro-stiffening in polypyrrole films dependenee of young s modulus on oxidation state, load and fiequency. Synth Met 160(11-12) 1280 1286 Shoa T et al (2011) A dynamic electromechanical model for electrochemicaUy driven eonducting polymer actuators. lEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 16(l) 42-49 Skotheim TA, Elsenbaumer RL, Reynolds JR (1998) Handbook of conducting polymers. Marcel Dekker, New York... 

The sensitivity M based on the simplified electromechanical model is as follows ... 

In the following sections, this behavior is described by electrical and mechanical models separately and finally combined to an electromechanical model consisting of lumped parameters. 

The problem can also be solved using coupled electromechanical modeling in IntelliSuite with the deflection of the cantilever beam shown in Figure 4.2. 

A MEMS torsional mirror has also been modeled using coupled electromechanical modeling as shown in Figures 4.6 and 4.7. 

Figure 4.6 Coupled electromechanical modeling of a MEMS torsional mirror. (Reprinted with permission of Sandeep Akkaraju from IntelliSuite v8.6 (2010), IntelliSense Software Corporation.) See color plate section.

---