Induction, electrolytic

Furthermore, for pseudocapacitive materials, the cycle stability is a major concern. Besides the repeated ion intercalation/deintercalation-related failure mechanism, it was also found that the decrease of the capacitive performance after long-term charging/discharging cycling might also be related to the dissolution of electrode materials in alkaline electrolytes [142]. Joseph et al. [142] found the cycling stability of Ni3(N03)2(0H)4 in LiOH was higher than that in KOH and NaOH electrolytes. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis showed the evidence of the Ni dissolution into the electrolyte and found the dissolution of... 

Especially for HT-PEM MEAs, the higher operation temperature of 160 °C and the harsh oxidizing H3PO4 electrolyte inducts a very pronounced corrosion of carbon materials. This carbon corrosion phenomenon leads to the formation of surface oxides. The surface oxides are causing a decrease in hydrophobicity of the electrode material. In the case of PAFC or HT-PEM MEAs, which are based on liquid electrolytes, this decrease of electrode hydrophobicity causes an increase in electrolyte loss and in mass transport limitation due to flooding of the electrodes. 

This study, in conjunction with that discussed in 12.2.1.2, show that when using aqueous electrolytes or Nafion saturated with H20, the induction of NEMCA on finely dispersed noble metal catalysts is rather straightforward. The role of the electronically conducting porous C support is only to conduct electrons and to support the finely dispersed catalyst. The promoting species can reach the active catalyst via the electrolyte or via the aqueous film without having to migrate on the surface of the support, as is the case when using ceramic solid electrolytes. 

The equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL) of the output capacitor substantially control the output ripple. Use an output capacitor with low ESR and ESL. Surface mount Tantalums, surface mount polymer electrolytic and polymer electrolytic and polymer Tantalum, Sanyo OS-CON, or multilayer ceramic capacitors are recommended. Electrolytic capacitors are not... 

The reaction occurs by oxidation of the CH bond to a radical cation that is de-protonated to a radical. This is further oxidized to a carbocation that reacts with the nucleophiles in the electrolyte. The regiochemistry is controlled by inductive deactivation (—I-substituents) as well as by activation (+I-substituents), which leads to a reactivity tert.H > sec.H > prim.H. In steroids, a preferential adsorption appears to play a role. 

The asymmetric reduction of C=N double bonds in prochiral oximes afforded a maximum of 18% ee [380, 384, 385]. Prochiral azomethines were reduced to the corresponding 1,2-diamines and secondary amines using 36 optically active supporting electrolytes. The dimers were optically inactive, while the monomers showed low optical inductions (<11% ee). The effect of electrolyte, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and cathode potential on the induction was studied. It was proposed that the enantioselectivity... 

The appearance of capacitive or inductive impedance depends essentially on the value of the rate constants. Low frequency loops, in a general case, are all very sensitive to the pH of the electrolyte. The different time constants are attributed to the relaxation of surface coverage by a corresponding number of reaction Intermediates. 

Electrical cardioversion It may be desirable to reduce the dose of digoxin for 1 to 2 days prior to electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to avoid the induction of ventricular arrhythmias, but physicians must consider the consequences of increasing the ventricular response if digoxin is withdrawn. If digitalis toxicity is suspected, delay elective cardioversion. If it is not prudent to delay cardioversion, select the lowest possible energy level to avoid provoking ventricular arrhythmias. Lab test abnormalities Periodically assess serum electrolytes and renal function (serum creatinine concentrations) the frequency of assessments will depend on the clinical setting. 

Foscarnet (Foscavir) [Antiviral] Uses CMV retinitis acyclovir-resistant hCTpes Infxns Action -1- Viral DNA polym ase RT Dose CMV retinitis Induction 60 mg/kg IV qSh or 100 mg/kg ql2h X 14—21 d Meant 90-120 mg/kg/dIV (Moo.-Fiti ) Acyclovir-resistant HSV Induction 40 mg/kg IV q8-12h x 14—21 d use central line -1- w/ renal impair Caution [C, —] T Sz potential w/ fluoroquinolones avoid n hrotoxic Rx (cyclosporine, aminoglycosides, ampho B, protease inhibitors) Contra CrCl <0.4 mL/min/kg Disp Inj SE Nephrotox, electrolyte abnormalities Interactions T Risks of Sz W/ quinolones t risks of n hrotox W/ aminoglycosides, amphotCTicin B, didanosine, pentamidine, vancomycin EMS Known to cause electrolyte disturbances (extremity numbness paresthesia indicates electrol5rte unbalance) monitor ECG OD May cause extremity numbing, and Szs hydrate w/ IV fluids... 

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