Electroluminescence-producing

The term chemiluminescence was not introduced until 1888, when Wiedemann defined the term luminescence. He was able to classify luminescence phenomena of six different kinds, according to the manner of excitation photoluminescence, caused by the absorption of light, electroluminescence, produced in... 

Monomers of die type Aa B. are used in step-growth polymerization to produce a variety of polymer architectures, including stars, dendrimers, and hyperbranched polymers.26 28 The unique architecture imparts properties distinctly different from linear polymers of similar compositions. These materials are finding applications in areas such as resin modification, micelles and encapsulation, liquid crystals, pharmaceuticals, catalysis, electroluminescent devices, and analytical chemistry. 

There are also several proposals to use anodic aluminum oxides in producing optoelectronic devices. Porous oxides may find use as antireflecting coatings for optical pathways. Anodic alumina films doped by Eu and Tb are promising for application in electroluminescent cells for TEELs.28... 

Research on semiconductor nanoparticle technology by chemists, materials scientists, and physicists has already led to the fabrication of a number of devices. Initially, Alivisatos and co-workers developed an electroluminescence device from a dispersion of CdSe nanoparticles capped with a conducting polymer349 and then improved on this by replacing the polymer with a layer of CdS, producing a device with efficiency and lifetime increased by factors of 8 and 10, respectively. 0 Chemical synthetic methods for the assembly of nanocrystal composites, consisting of II-VI quantum dot polymer composite materials,351 represent one important step towards the fabrication of new functional devices that incorporate quantum dots. 

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is the process whereby a chemiluminescence emission is produced directly, or indirectly, as a result of electrochemical reactions. It is also commonly known as electrochemiluminescence and electroluminescence. In general, electrically generated reactants diffuse from one or more electrodes, and undergo high-energy electron transfer reactions either with one another or with chemicals in the bulk solution. This process yields excited-state molecules, which produce a chemiluminescent emission in the vicinity of the electrode surface. 

Spiro-FPAl/TPBI/Bphen Cs/Al. A very low operating voltage of 3.4 V at luminance of 1000 cd/m2 was obtained, which is the lowest value reported for either small-molecule or polymer blue electroluminescent devices. Pure blue color with CIE coordinates (0.14, 0.14) have been measured with very high current (4.5 cd/A) and quantum efficiencies (3.0% at 100 cd/m2 at 3.15 V) [245]. In another paper, Spiro-FPA2 (126) was used as a host material with an OLED device structure of ITO/CuPc/NPD/spiro-FPA2 l%TBP/Alq3/LiF that produces a high luminescent efficiency of 4.9 cd/A [246]. 

A prototype heating and ventilation control panel produced by Bayer and Lumitec using a luminescent plastic film system incorporating a special electroluminescent electrode system. The panel can be produced in a single process step using Bayfol films and a PC/ABS blend (Bayblend ). 

Poly( -phenylene vinylene) (PPV) was the first reported (1990) polymer to exhibit electroluminescence. PPV is employed as a semiconductor layer. As noted earlier, the layer was sandwiched between a hole-injecting electrode and electron-injecting metal on the other. PPV has an energy gap of about 2.5 eV and thus produces a yellow-green luminescence. Today, other materials are available, which give a variety of colors. 

Although there are several potentially volatile cyclopentadienyl compounds for other transition metals [123], which could be utilised for AID processing, only a few have been studied in this respect. For example, volatile (C5H5)2Mn and (C5MeH4)Mn(CO)3 have been used as manganese sources for doping ZnS thin films to produce yellow-emitting thin-film electroluminescent devices [156]. 

Pyrrolo[2,3-. ]pyridine zinc(ll) and A -(2-pyridyl)pyrrolo[2,3- ]pyridine zinc(ll) compounds have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography <2000IC5248>. The pyrrolo[2,3- ]pyridine zinc compound, formed from pyrrolo[2,3-. ]pyridine and zinc acetate, is a stable compound that can produce a blue light in electroluminescent devices. 

An important application of polydimethylsilane is as a source of silicon carbide (SiC) fibres, which are manufactured under the trade-name Nicalon by Nippon Carbon in Japan. Heating in an autoclave under pressure converts polydimethylsilane to spinnable polycarbosilane (-Me2Si-CH2-) with elimination of methane. The spun fibres are then subjected to temperatures of 1200-1400 °C to produce silicon carbide fibres with very high tensile strengths and elastic moduli." As a result of their conductivity, polysilanes have also been used as hole transport layers in electroluminescent devices. In addition, the photoconductivity of polymethylphenylsilane doped with Cgo has been found to be particularly impressive. ... 

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