Electrode width

In this work, we determine constraints on the dimensionless parameters of the system (dimensionless electrode widths, gap size and Peclet number), first qualitatively and then quantitatively, which ensure that the proposed flow reconstmction approach is sufficiently sensitive to the shape of the flow profile. The results can be readily applied for identification of hydrodynamic regimes or electrode geometries that provide best performance of our flow reconstmction method. 

Figure 12.5 Cyclic voltammograms for the reduction of 1 mM cobaltocenium (Cp2Co+) hexafluorophosphate and oxidation of 1 mM ferrocene (Cp2Fe) in acetonitrile recorded at a band electrode (width = 4.6 / m) at a scan rate of 10 mV s 1. The supporting electrolyte is tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate at (A) 0.02 M, (B) 0.2 mM, (C) 2.0 mM, and (D) 20 mM. [From Ref. 68, reprinted with permission of the copyright holder.]...

In the in-channel detector, the working electrode is directly placed inside the separation channel. Thus, analytes migrate over the electrode while they are still confined to the channel. The design of the working electrode would have to minimise the coupling between the high voltage and the detection potential. As commented in Section 34.1.3, this is an inconvenience in most of the cases and the electrode width and the... 

M 16] [P 16] Droplet transport could be achieved for frequencies of the sequential voltages in the range 0.5-3.0 Hz [100, 101]. An increase in the ratio of electrode width to pitch facilitated the droplet transport. Since only perpendicular transport can also be achieved, fluid guiding is necessary. This can be accomplished, e.g., by use of thin polymer films. 

Fig. 10.7. Microband current (/)-potential (V) characteristics for the oxidation of 5.5 x 1(T3 mol dm-3 FefCN) - in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8, recorded at a potential scan rate of 0.1 Vs-1. A SCE served as the reference electrode and a Ag wire as the counter, (a) stationary (b) in sinusoidal motion, amplitude 2 mm, frequency 10 Hz. The electrode width is 10 p.m and length 2 mm (after Reference [33]).

The electrical impedance of the IDT depends on a variety of factors including the electromechanical coupling coefficient (K ), the dielectric permittivity of the substrate (e ), and the geometry of the IDT electrode width, spacing, number of finger pairs, and acoustic aperture (i.e., IDT finger overiap length). Table... 

In addition, the width and number of electrodes was optimized with regard to the preparation accuracy. The grain size of the platinum paste, the sinter process, and the substrate preparation has limited accuracy, resulting in variations in width and distance between the electrodes. These variations should have the smallest possible effect on the distribution of the IDC s capacity. Calculations showed that assuming a constant electrode distance of s = 150 jam, the average error will be sufficiently small, if the electrode width is >100 jam. Based on these calculations, b was taken as 125 jam. 

The preparation procedure is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. Glass plates of 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 mm, previously cleaned in an ultrasound alkaline bath, rinsed in pure acetone, and dried under nitrogen flow, are used as support substrates. After cleaning, aluminium electrodes (width 0.5 mm, height 60 nm) are deposited on the glass substrate by thermal evaporation in high vacuum... 

Fig. 13. Microelectrochemical device, (a) Schematic illustration of the microelectrochemical transistor based on polyaniline (thickness of the polyaniline layer 5 pm, electrode width 1-2 pm, distance 2-4 pm) (b) characteristic curve of the polyaniline transistor (Id versus Vg at Vd = 0.18 V). (Redrawn from Wrighton, 1986).

Figure 7. Diagram showing an experimental system used for DEP or twDEP. The interdigitated electrode array is fabricated on a glass substrate and energized with different AC signals. For DEP, the electrodes are connected to voltages with 180° phase shifts. For twDEP, the electrodes are connected to a frequency generator with 90° phase shift, w is the electrode width, g is the electrode gap and h is the height of the channel.

Figure 3. Scheme of a flow-through channel electrolyser with plate electrodes d distance between electrodes, L electrode height, w electrode width, v linear velocity of electrolyte. 

The surface resistivity of a material is defined as the resistance between electrodes connected to the surface, when the surface between the electrodes is a square. For this reason, surface resistivity is often expressed in units of ohms per square," the resistance of the square being independent of the size of the square. The correct unit for expression of surface resistivity is, however, ohms , since it is calculated from the resistance of a rectangle by dividing the product of the resistance and the electrode width by the length between electrodes. 

Electrode length Electrode width Number of electrodes per cell Number of cells per row Number of rows Current density Current efficiency Fraction of time at full current Cathode plating time Anode cleaning frequency... 

As Fig. Ic shows additionally, the warming between two electrodes also depends on their size. The two horizontal solid lines represent electrodes (U = IVnns) which extend infinitely normal to the plane of the paper. They have a width of 40 pm and a distance between them of 40 pm. The dashed lines indicate the ceiling and floor of a channel formed in 55 pm thick glass and filled with aqueous buffer (0.27 Sm ). In Fig. Id, this relationship is quantified numerically. Obviously, AT scales almost linearly with the electrode width. In contrast, the dielectro-phoretic force experienced by a particle in the vicinity of the two electrodes approaches... 

Fig. 3.4 (a) Current distribution in parallel plate electrode geometry (Ah is the electrode width, Lh is the distance between the edge of the electrode and the side walls, and / is the distance between the electrodes) and (b) the linear approximation model showing the current flow passing around the space between the plane parallel electrodes (Reprinted from Ref. [2] with permission from the Serbian Chemical Society, Ref. [3] with kind permission from Springer, and Ref [4] with permission from Elsevier)... 

Sub-millimeter inter-electrode gaps (in the case of plate and charmel reactors) or electrode widths (in the case of coplanar interdigitated band electrodes) lead to thin concentration boundary layers with any flow rate [14,23] resulting in enhanced mass transfer rates and thus increasing the attainable space-time-yield [Equation (17.17)]. 

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