Electrode distance, effect

J,m. The electric field applied is also simply calculated by dividing the applied voltage directly measured on the instrument by the distance between the electrodes. The effective inter-electrode distance is obtained by measuring the conductance of a standard electrolyte solution, say... 

Fig. 3.6 The Gouy-Chapman model of the double layer, (a) Arrangement of the ions in a diffuse way (b) Variation of the electrostatic potential, 0, with distance, x, from the electrode, showing effect of ion concentration, c. (c) Variation of Cd with potential, showing the minimum at the point of zero charge Ez.

Positioning of the external reference electrode. The signal can be affected by local electric fields between indicator and external reference electrodes, an effect that is increased by solution flow, making it important to reduce the distance between the electrodes as much as possible. 

The maximal chronodeflectometric response observed at the time tmax in which, the maximum concentration gradient of soluble species is achieved at the probe beam position. The value of tmax depends on the beam-electrode distance, on the kind of electrochemical process, and on the -> diffusion coefficient of soluble species [i]. In consequence, if the probe beam is farther away from the electrode, a longer fmax will be involved. Chronodeflectometric responses can show a maximum, a minimum, or both effects, depending on the involved soluble species and on the reaction that takes place at the electrode [ii]. See also -> chronodeflectometry. 

We would like to present somewhat more extensively the results of the work of Dzhavakhidze et al. [Ill], who studied the role of the spatial dispersion of the solvent dielectric permittivity and field penetration into a metal in determining the kinetics of electrode reactions. Considering the particular case of the field penetration effect on the reorganization energy, they found [111] that the AG value obtained is greater than predicted by the Marcus theory. Moreover, under some eonditions the dependence of AG on the reactant-electrode distance d) exhibits an anti-Mar-cusian behavior. 

Figure 15.21 Effect of electrode distance in anode magnetron DC argon cleaning of the cathode CRS plate coated with plasma polymer of TMS, 6.66 Pa (SOmtorr), 180G.

Figure 15.26 depicts the effect of electrode distance on the distribution pattern of deposition rate with PM and OM configurations. The distance from the counterelectrode influences the magnetic field strength near the substrate surface in a... 

Figure 17.15 The dependence of sputtering effects on electrode distance -8//stmax = 1550 G, a = 0.0 cm, w = 10 watts, p = 50 mtorr, sputtering time = 10 min.

In addition, the width and number of electrodes was optimized with regard to the preparation accuracy. The grain size of the platinum paste, the sinter process, and the substrate preparation has limited accuracy, resulting in variations in width and distance between the electrodes. These variations should have the smallest possible effect on the distribution of the IDC s capacity. Calculations showed that assuming a constant electrode distance of s = 150 jam, the average error will be sufficiently small, if the electrode width is >100 jam. Based on these calculations, b was taken as 125 jam. 

Electrode Separation. The effect of electrode separation on the deposition of boron is shown in Table I. The gas flow, reactor pressure, and electrical parameters were the same in all cases. The data show a rise in efficiency as the electrode separation is increased, but the rate of increase decreases with the electrode distance. Increasing the distance beyond approximately 3 cm. does not increase the efficiencies or the length of substrate upon which deposition occurs. The last experiment shown in Table I indicates considerable improvement in efficiencies at 2.5 cm. electrode distances. The reactor is indented at the electrode... 

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