Electrode , amperometric glucose enzymes

J. Pei and X. Li, Amperometric glucose enzyme sensor prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase on CuPtC16 chemically modified electrode. Electroanalysis 11, 1266-1272 (1999). 

G.G. Guilbault and G.). Lubrano introduced an amperometric glucose enzyme electrode that... 

The potentialities offered by chemical processes catalyzed by enzymes immobilized in a polymeric matrix are obvious and are now successfully utilized in various ways [6, 13, 16, 17, 40, 43,44, 50, 58, 61], This idea was introduced into electroanalytical chemistry by Clark and Lyons [9], who proposed a glucose electrode, with glucose oxidase immobilized between cuprophane membranes and with amperometric determination of the hydrogen peroxide formed by the reaction... 

Enzyme electrodes with amperometric indication have certain advantages over potentiometric sensors, chiefly because the product of the enzymic reaction is consumed at the electrode and thus the response time is decreased. For this reason, the potentiometric glucose enzyme electrode, based on reaction (8.1) followed by the reaction of HjO, with iodide ions sensed by an iodide ISE [39], has not found practical use. 

A miniaturized planar amperometric glucose sensor has been created on Sapphire substrates. Thin film titanium-gold electrodes are covered with an enzyme layer which is patterned by a lift-off technique [66]. This sensor exhibits a fast response time of 30 seconds but the linear measuring range is poor. 

Su, L., Qiu, X. P., Guo, L. H., Zhang, F. H. and Tung, C. H. (2004), Amperometric glucose sensor based on enzyme-modified boron-doped diamond electrode by cross-linking method. Sensor Actuator B, 99(2-3) 499-504. 

Guerrieri, A. De Benedetto, G. E. Palmisano, F. Zambonin, P. G. Electrosynthesized nonconducting polymers as permselective membranes in amperometric enzyme electrodes a glucose biosensor based on a co-crosslinked glucose oxidase/overoxidized polypyrrole bilayer. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1998, 13, 103-112... 

Gorton, L, Bremle, G., Gsoregi, E., Jdnsson-Pettersson, G., and Persson, B. (1991) Amperometric glucose sensors based on immobilized glucose-oxidizing enzymes and chemically modified electrodes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 249, 43-54. 

The increase of the measuring value of the amperometric glucose electrode with increasing substrate concentration reflects the course of a Michaelis-Menten curve and reaches a concentration-independent saturation corresponding to the maximum rate, vmax. The sensitivity of the GOD electrode depends on the enzyme loading (Fig. 30) (Scheller et al., 1988). The substrate concentration giving rise to the half-maximum current in air saturated solution is between 1.4 and 1.8 mmol/1 glucose. 

Probably the most important developments in amperometric sensors were the Clark oxygen electrode and the amperometric glucose sensor. The latter is the most successful example of an enzyme-based sensor. 

First amperometric biosensor glucose oxidase-based enzyme electrode for glucose [6]... 

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