Electroactive polymer blends

The characteristics and bending performance of the novel electroactive polymer blend P(3HB)/cellulose in terms of free bending displacement output, electrical power consumption and lifetime were studied by Zhijiang et al. Cellulose is a potential smart material which responds to an ith electric field. Electro-active polymer (EAP) was prepared by dissolving cellulose and P(3HB) in trifluoroacetic acid. The solution was cast to form a film followed by the deposition of a thin gold electrode on both sides of the film. 

Conducting Polymer Blends, Composites, and Colloids. Incorporation of conducting polymers into multicomponent systems allows the preparation of materials that are electroactive and also possess specific properties contributed by the other components. Dispersion of a conducting polymer into an insulating matrix can be accompHshed as either a miscible or phase-separated blend, a heterogeneous composite, or a coUoidaHy dispersed latex. When the conductor is present in sufftcientiy high composition, electron transport is possible. 

Electroactive Nanoobjects and Nanostructures Related with Conducting Polymers Polymer Blends, Interpenetrated Networks and Related Electromechanical Devices Biological Applications and Bioelectrocatalysis... 

Conferring chemical and/or biological specificity remains a wide open area with many opportunities for creative and innovative contributions. In addition to the methods described previously, methods based on reversible sorption or desorption that lead to swelling or collapse of the CEP are receiving some attention [191,192], These approaches are believed to alter interchain transport and so alter conductivity. By forming blends or composites of conductive electroactive polymers and other well-known selective sorption or diffusion polymers [191,192], this effect can be enhanced and may lead to the development of innovative chemical vapor or gas-phase sensors. 

A new electrofluorescent switch was prepared with an electroactive fluorescent tetrazine blend of polymer electrolyte <06CC3612>. The structure and magnetic properties of the stable oxoverdazyl free radical 6-(4-acetamidophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-... 

Electroactive shape recovery behavior of polyethylene octene elastomer/polyaniline (POE/ PANi) blend. (From Chang, Y. W., and Park, K. 2011. Electroactuated shape memory polymer from polyethylene-octene elastomer/polyaniline composite synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization, manuscript in preparation.)... 

Malmonge, L.R and L.H.C. Mattoso. 1995. Electroactive blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyaniline derivatives. Polymer 36 245-249. 

Ion chromatography is used to perform separation and detection of inorganic anions and cations, organic acids, and electroactive organic compounds. This instrument may be configured with a variety of detectors such as conductivity, pulsed electrochemical, and UV-visible detectors. Applications include the determination of anions in electronic-grade materials, residual organic acid in polymers and copolymers, and blend formulations. 

Polyaniline (PANi) has been studied extensively for its electroactive characteristics and potential applications in electrical devices, such as polymer electrodes and sensors [46]. Semi-conductive membranes from PVDF/PANi blends in V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions were prepared by phase inversion in an aqueous solution of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) [47]. Entrapment of a stoichiometric amount of PSSA dopant molecules into the blend membrane occurred during phase inversion process and gave rise to a semi-conductivity membrane. At a PANi content of above 15 wt%, the entrapped PSSA chains were present in stoichiometric amount and dispersed evenly throughout the blend membrane. The membranes prepared by this method had an asymmetry structure with a dense skin layer and a porous inner layer. The surface resistance of the blend membrane decreased with the increase in PANi weight fraction. A surface resistance of about 10 i2/cm was obtained for the PSSA-doped PVDF/PANi (65/35, w/w) membrane. 

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) is a highly ionic conductive synthetic polymer that has been used in combination with PVA in order to produce an electroactive network membrane as an artificial muscle (Dai et al. 2009). The PVA/PAMPS blends were subjected to a heat treatment at high temperatures (above 60°C) to facilitate formation of physical crosslinks in the ionic network (see Figure 4.2). 

Current investigations are aimed at providing polymers derived from renewable resources but with electroactive properties. For example, an ionic liquid (l-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride BMIM-Cl) was used as a plasticizer in starch, zein and their blends, and compared to glycerol, as a classical plasticizer of starch [96]. 

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