Polyaniline derivatives

A number of water-soluble polyaniline derivatives have been developed in recent years. Incorporation of sulfonate groups onto the polymer backbone imparts water solubility to the polymer. In one process, this is accomplished by treating the polymer with fuming sulfuric acid which results in a sulfonic acid ring-substituted derivative that is alkali soluble but only upon conversion to the nonconducting sulfonate salt form. 

A second method of introducing sulfonate groups is accomplished by deprotonating polyaniline base and reacting with a sultone, i.e., 1,3-propanesultone [22]. This gives rise to an N-substituted polyaniline derivative that is water soluble. Another route involves the polymerization of sulfonated aniline monomer such as sodium salt of diphenylaminesulfonic acid [23]. 

H. D. Tran and R. B. Kaner, A general synthetic route to nanofibers of polyaniline derivatives, Chem. Commurt, 3915-3917 (2006). 

G. Neelgund, E. Hrehorova, M. Joyce, and V. Bbznyuk, Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline derivative and silver nanoparticle composites, Polym. Int., 57, 1083 1089 (2008). 

T. Itoh, I. Matsubara, W. Shin, N. Izu, and M. Nishibori, Preparation of layered organic-inorganic nanohybrid thin films of molybdenum trioxide with polyaniline derivatives for aldehyde gases sensors of several tens ppb level. Sens. Actuat. B, 128, 512-520 (2008). 

J.B. Yin, X. Xia, L.Q. Xiang, X.P. Zhao, Temperature effect of electrorheological fluids based on polyaniline derived carbonaceous nanotubes. Smart Mater. Struct., 2011, 20, 015002. 

Photothermal Effect in Nanostructured Materials Flash Welding of Polyaniline Nanofibers Flash Welding of Other Materials Outlook Polyaniline Derivatives and Other... 

Outlook Polyaniline Derivatives and Other Conducting Polymers... 

Machida, K., K. Furuuchi, M. Min, and K. Naoi. 2004. Mixed proton-electron conducting nanocomposite based on hydrous Ru02 and polyaniline derivatives for supercapacitors. Electrochemistry 72 (6) 402-404. 

Pouget, J.P., M.E. Jozefowicz, A.J. Epstein, J.G. Masters, A. Ray, and A.G. MacDiarmid. 1991. X-ray structure of the polyaniline derivative poly(ortho-toluidine)—the structural origin of charge localization. Macromolecules 24 5863. 

Malmonge, L.R and L.H.C. Mattoso. 1995. Electroactive blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyaniline derivatives. Polymer 36 245-249. 

This application is based on the most advanced dispersion technology for PAni in water. In contrast to other approaches, nonfunctionalized polyaniline has been used as the raw material. This makes it possible to start with a commercially available polyaniline powder (Ormecon) instead of special polyaniline derivatives for different applications or dispersion media. It shows, furthermore, the generally applicable dispersion concept. The application on printed circuit boards is a long-term and high-end application and is specified on the basis of the long-term stability of our product. 

The electropolymerization of o-methoxyaniline in the presence of (+)-(lS)- or (-)-(ll )-CSA yields an optically active polyaniline derivative. The polymer shows intense CD bands as a film deposited on an electrode. The polymer is soluble in NMP, CHCI3, DMF, DMSO, and MeOH, and the polymer also showed CD absorption in a solution probably based on a chiral main-chain conformation such as a helix. A film made by spin-coating a mixture of polyaniline with CSA also showed strong CD absorptions, which may be based on a helical conformation of the main chain. The electropolymerization method has been applied to the synthesis of an optically active polypyrrole which may have a helical conformation. ... 

The amphiphilic polyaniline derivative (degree of polymerization > 20), prepared by the chemical polymerization method with (NH4)2S20s in THF and 2 mol 1" HCl solution was used. More than 200 layers of the polyaniline derivative were prepared by transferring the monolayer on the HCl (0.1 mol 1 ) subphase onto polyester, gold- or ITO-deposited polyester and silated glass substrates at a surface pressure of 20-25 mNm" by the horizontal lifting method. 

Figure 1.18 Various self-doped polyaniline derivatives.

G. Daprano, M. Leclerc, G. Zotti, G. Schiavon, Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline derivatives - poly(2-alkoxyanilines) and poly(2,5-dial-koxyanilines), Chemistry of Materials 1995, 7, 33. 

W. A. Gazotti, M. A. DePaoli, High yield preparation of a soluble polyaniline derivative, Synthetic Metals 1996, 80, 263. 

C. Deaimitt, S. P. Aimes, J. Winter, F. A. Uribe, S. Gottesfeld, C. Mombour-quette, A novel N-substituted polyaniline derivative, Polymer 1993, 34, 158. 

T. Kawai, H. Mizobuchi, N. Yamasaki, H. Araki, K. Yoshino, Optical and magnetic-properties of polyaniline derivatives having ionic groups, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1 - Letters 1994, 33, L357. 

H. Varela, R. M. Torres , D. A. Buttry, Mixed cation and anion transport during redox cycling of a self-doped polyaniline derivative in nonaqueous media, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2000, 147, 4217. 

G. Pistoia, G. Montesperelli, P. Nunziante, Polyaniline derivatives - an investigation by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, Journal of Molecular Electronics 1990, 6, 89. 

H. Mizobuchi, T. Kawai, K. Yoshino, Ferromagnetic behavior of self-doping type polyaniline derivatives depending on oxidation state, Solid State Communications 1995, 96, 925. 

C. H. Yang, T. C. Wen, Polyaniline derivative with external and internal doping via electrochemical copolymerization of aniline and 2,5-diaminobenzene-sulfonic acid on Ir02-coated titanium electrode, of the Electrochemical Society 1994,141, 2624. 

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