Electro coagulation

Morkovsky PE, Kaspar DD, Petru JM. Process and apparatus for electro-coagulative treatment of industrial wastewater. PCT Int Appl WO 9926887 Al, 1999. 

Szpyrkowicz, L. (2005) Hydrodynamic effects on the performance of electro-coagulation/electro-flotation for the removal of dyes from textile wastewater. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44,7844-7853. 

X. Xu and X. Zhu, Treatment of refectory oily wastewater by electro-coagulation process, Chemosphere 56, 889-894 (2004). 

The combination of electro-coagulation, flotation and microfiltration is applied by Pouet et al. [60]. In this case Membralox 1P19-40 membranes are used a zircortia/alumina composite membrane of 50 or 100 nm pore size. With 100 nm and the use of electro-coagulation fluxes stabilise on 250-3501/m h. 

New EU directives may limit the development and application of new biocides and for this reason, and concerns on toxicity or pollution, there is interest in alternative water treatment techniques such as ultrasound, high-pressure vortexing and electro-coagulation. These may also be used where chemical treatment is not appropriate. ATP measurements are likely to prove useful to monitor the effectiveness of these types of treatment but as with chemical biocidal treatment the nature of the ATP results may depend on the mode of action. One type of electrochemical treatment has been evaluated in our laboratory. The results indicate that as with chemical biocide treatment the use of both Total and Free ATP measurements can be of value in the interpretation of the results, monitoring the process efficacy and in optimisation of this method of water treatment. 

For the electro coagulation experiment an overnight TSB culture (10 mL) of E. coli was added to 1 L of RO water in a conical flask. RO water when tested with the oxidation electrode gave a very high resistance and, on the advice of the supplier of the equipment under test, tap water was added (500 mL E. coli in RO -i- 300 mL tap water in a 1 L beaker). Two beakers of E. coli suspension (500 mL E. coli in RO + 300 mL tap water) were prepared, one for each type of treatment. Treatment of the water was performed using equipment for bench-top trials from Axonics. 

The use of electro-coagulation treatment, thought to cause electroporation, results an initial release of ATP and loss of viability with a residual effect giving... 

The study on the electro-coagulation was limited in scope but illustrates that ATP measurements are a valuable tool in evaluating this type of disinfectant process and may be helpful in its optimisation and in routine monitoring. 

Electro coagulation treatment equipment was provided and set up by Dr P Morgan, Axonics Limited. 

M.M. Emamjomeh, M. Sivakumar, Review of pollutants removed by electrocoagulation and electro-coagulation/flotation processes, J. Environ. Mgmt. 90 (2009) 1863—1879. 

Inan, H., Dimoglo, A., Simsek, H., Kaipuzcu,M. (2004). Olive oil mill wastewater treatment by means of electro-coagulation. Separation and Purification Technology, 36, 23—31. 

Electro-coagulation process for the waste water treatment... 

The electro-coagulation process is based on valid scientific principles involving responses of water contaminants to strong electric fields and electrically induced oxidation and reduction reactions. This process is able to take out over 99 percent of some heavy metal cations and also appears to be able to electrocute microorganisms in the water. It is also able to precipitate charged colloids and remove significant amoimts of other ions, colour, colloids and emulsions. 

Electro-coagulation (EC) is the process where an electrical current is introduced into an aqueous medium in an electrochemical cell, usually with an A1 or Fe anode. Aluminium is commonly the best anode material, as it is the most afibrdable material that provides trivalent cations and can be used in almost all kinds of waste water treatment application. 

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