Electrical structure

Solomon El, Penfield KW, Wilcox DE (1983) Active Sites in Copper Proteins. An Electric Structure Overview. 53 1-56... 

The interphase between an electrode and an electrolyte solution has a very complex electrical structure (Section 10.1). In this interphase various adsorption processes take place ... 

Both the electrical structure of the interphase and the occurrence of adsorption processes have a great influence on electrochemical reactions on an electrode s surface and on various electrochemical phenomena. 

When a monolayer of phospholipids is adsorbed at the ITIES, there must be a modification of the electrical structure of the interface [60]. Since we aim at describing the effect of this monolayer on the rate of ion transfer in a simple way, we assume a sharp interface also in the presence of phospholipids. The hydrophobic tails are located in the organic phase (negative x region), and the hydrophilic headgroups are located in the aqueous phase (positive X region). 

B. W., Effect of carbon modification on the electrical, structural, and optical properties of Ti02 electrodes and their performance in labscale dye-sensitized solar cells. Int.J. Photoenergy 2012, 904323/1-9. 

The electric-structure-calculation presented here is performed using the CASTEP computer code, which is based on density functional theory, aided by the CERIUS2 graphical front-end. The wave functions are expended in a plane wave basis set, and the effective potential of ions is described by ultrasoft pseudo potential. 

Qualitatively, the most transparent type of model, as ever, would be a one-electron model that is capable of rendering both the ground state and, to a high degree, its excitation properties. However, in the present case, accommodations are called for, on both aspects, that are not trivial. These we will try to pursue and represent within the present one-electron-type framework as closely as possible. In seeking to develop the present model, we base it as firmly as possible on the available data, optical, photoemission, electrical, structural, etc. Much of this data is still open to interpretation, and many of the interpretations to follow are made in the light of experience gained with transition metal compounds (2). 

If several ( ) charged species i equilibrate across the phase boundary, the set of Eqns. (4.116) has to be solved simultaneously for i = 1,2,..This does not lead to an over-determination of Atpb but ensures that the chemical potentials of the electroneutral combinations of the ions (= neutral components of the system) are constant across the interface. The electric structure (space charge) of interfaces will be discussed later. 

E. Rutherford, The electrical structure of matter, British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report (1923) 1-24. This work is not included in J. Chadwick (ed.), The Collected Papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson, 3 vols. (London, 1963). 

The purpose of this study is to make clear the characteristics of the nature of the chemical bond in the perovskite-type hydrides, MMgH3 (M = Na, K, Rb), CaNiH3, and SrPdH3, with the aid of electric structure calculations. 

In the following ExpressLab, you will observe elements in much the same way that scientists did in the early twentieth century. In doing so, these scientists set the stage for a new understanding of matter and the electrical structure of its atoms. 

The key link between ELS experiments and particle electrostatic properties is the theoretical model of colloidal electrohydrodynamics. The required model is considerably more complicated than the one needed in the interpretation of DLS data. DLS relies upon a relatively simple colloidal hydrodynamic model to relate the measured particle diffusivity to particle radius via the Stokes-Einstein Eq. (39). The colloidal electrohydrodynamic model for ELS must account for the complex physical/chemical/electrical structure of the particle surface as well as the distortion of the diffuse part of the electrostatic double layer due to the motion of the particle through the medium. 

As illustrated in Fig. 15.11, wafers can be bonded face-to-face, the handle of the SOI wafer can be thinned to stop on the buried oxide layer, rebonded to another handle wafer, thinned again to stop on the bonding layer, and then tested. Lu et al. have used this approach to demonstrate process compatibility on passive structures [85], Gutmann et al. have used this method to demonstrate process compatibility using active electrical structures [49], and... 

Pozder et al. have employed this approaeh to demonstrate paekaging compatibility of dielectric adhesive 3D with active electrical structures [50]. 

As we see, the parameter 1 results from Langevin reorientation of the polarizability ellipsoid and is always positive. The second of the above parameters, 2, corresponds to Bom s term in the Kerr effect and can be positive or negative, depending on the electric structure of the molecule. The third, the Debye parameter 3, has no counterpart in other phenomena of molecular orientation, and is specific to the non-linear dielectric behaviour of dipolar substances. 

---