Electric-generating facilities

Low levels of cresols are constantly emitted to the atmosphere in the exhaust from motor vehicle engines using petroleum based-fuels (Hampton et al. 1982 Johnson et al. 1989 Seizinger and Dimitriades 1972). Cresols have been identified in stack emissions from municipal waste incinerators (James et al. 1984 Junk and Ford 1980) and in emissions from the incineration of vegetable materials (Liberti et al. 1983). Cresols have also been identified as a component of fly ash from coal combustion (Junk and Ford 1980). Therefore, coal- and petroleum-fueled electricity-generating facilities are likely to emit cresols to the air. The combustion of wood (Hawthorne et al. 1988, 1989) and cigarettes (Arrendale et al. 1982 Novotny et al. 1982) also emits cresols to the ambient air. Cresols are also formed in the atmosphere as a result of reactions between toluene and photochemically generated hydroxy radicals (Leone et al. 1985). 

The radioactive wastes associated with nuclear reactors fall into two categories (1) commercial wastes — the result of operating nuclear-powered electric generating facilities and (2) military wastes—the result of reactor operations associated with weapons manufacture, Because the fuel in plutonium production reactors, as required by weapons, is irradiated less than the fuel in commercial power reactors, the military wastes contain fewer fission products and thus are not as active radiologically or thermally. They are nevertheless hazardous and require careful disposal. 

Connection point provided for future gas supply to Sumgait, where reconstruction of electrical generating facilities are under planning. Alternative locations of this connection are under consideration. 

Individuals living in proximity to production or disposal sites. Individuals living in the vicinity of former or current production sites where CDDs are released as by-products, (such as incinerators, coal-fired electric generating facilities, other waste disposal facilities, and hazardous waste sites) may be exposed to CDDs from several exposure pathways. CDDs have been detected in soil at 94 of the 126 sites where they have been detected in some environmental media (HazDat 1998). 

Wilson BL, Mitchell DL. 1991. Trace metal study of sediment samples near electrical generating facility. J Environ Sci Health. A26(4) 493-509. 

A contemporary coal-fired boiler and electric generation facility requires three primary raw materials, coal (the energy source), water (for steam, cooling, and probably emissions control), and limestone (for emissions control of SO2). Therefore, the potential impacts of raw materials suppliers and waste management, as well as the potential impacts of coal combustion, must be considered. Some negative impacts usually include ... 

When seepage occurs through widely spaced cracks or construction joints on a smooth surface, it is feasible to treat each crack or joint separately, often directly at its exposed location. Such was the case in the following job description which was done by grouting within a concrete dam, part of an electric generating facility in New Jersey. 

According to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), Section 313, Toxic Release Inventory (TRI99 2001), an estimated total of 338,004 pounds of selenium metal was released to air, water, land, or injected underground from manufacturing and processing facilities in the United States in 1999 (see Table 6-1). In addition, 6,622,466 pounds of selenium compounds were released to air, water, land, or injected underground in 1999 (see Table 6-2). These data include all facilities that manufacture, import, and process selenium and selenium compounds as well as facilities (electric generating facilities, petroleum facilities, etc.) with unintentional releases to the environment. The TRI data should be used with caution because only certain types of facilities are required to report. This is not an exhaustive list. 

In China, the Vetrix scooter likely will face some tough competition from several indigenous electric bikes and scooters. A serious issue, however, is the already-overloaded Chinese power grid. The Chinese literally cannot build new power plants fast enough to handle increasing demand for electricity. Drennen (2005) estimates the Chinese will require additional capacity requirements of 320 to 750 GW by 2025. This implies the need for 16-38 new 1000 MW electricity-generating facilities every year - without factoring in any additional demand from the transport sector. Fuel cells could help to fill this market need. 

Blankenhorn, P.R., at al. "Evaluation Procedures for Consideration of Forest Biomass as a Fuel Source for 100 MW Electrical Generation Facilities", Penn State University College of Agriculture, Sept 1978, Bulletin 820. 

The FPU accommodates two KLT-40C reactor plants with pressurized water reactors, two steam turbine plants with TK - 35/38 - 3.4 turbines of a co-generation type and TAG8123EUL5B electric generators, facilities for nuclear fuel management and solid and liquid radioactive wastes storage, ecological section. 

In all technical installations, malfunctioning or failure of systems or components may lead to an accident with more or less serious consequences for the plant, the staff and, possibly, the environment as well. This also applies to nuclear power plants. For this reason, from the beginning of nuclear power production extensive measures have been taken to preclude accidents or to reduce the probability and the consequences of an accident to a level well below that of other technical installations or of naturally occurring events. As a consequence of these efforts, nuclear power plants of an adequate design currently show the highest safety level among all types of electricity-generating facilities. 

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