ELDER FLOWERS EUROPEAN

Crushed elder leaves placed in one s shoes are a traditional European remedy for fatigue. Consider a soothing foot bath in warm elder flower tea. 

Oral administration of 2 ml/kg of an aqueous extract of European elder flower reduced sleep onset time and increased duration of sleeping time induced by orally administered pentobarbitone (30 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously) but had no significant effects on the analgesic activity of morphine (5 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously) (Jakovljevic et al. 2001). 

An aqueous extract of European elder flower exhibited insulin-like and insulin-releasing actions in isolated mouse abdominal muscles (Gray et al. 2000). 

No significant toxic effects were observed in rabbits intra-gastrically administered 39 mg/kg daily of an ethanolic extract of European elder flower for 3 days (Chibanguza et al. 1984). 

European elder flower water (water phase from steam distillate) has been used as a vehicle for eye and skin lotions. 

Only the blue elderberries are edibleSambucus canadensis and S. carulea (found in North America) as well as the European variety S. nigra. The red elder Sambucus pubens has toxic red berries and flowers that are conical rather than flat-topped clusters. "Blue is true and red is dead," is a popular expression among herbal harvesters. 

Sambucus nigra. Grows to 30 feet, also called "European elder," or "black elder." Berries used in wine making flowers and berries used medicinally. Edible. 

European elder (S. nigra) is a tall shrub or small tree up to about 10 m high native to Europe and naturalized in the United States. Parts used are the dried flower and leaf. 

Bark of American elder and bark, leaf, flower, root, and fruit of European elder have been reported to be used in cancers. ... 

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