Elastomers composites, selected

R.R. Kohimeyer, J. Chen, Wavelength-selective, IR light-driven hinges based on liquid crystalline elastomer composites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 9234—9237 (2013)... 

This valuable book presents selected papers on various aspects of rubber engineering, technology, and exploitation. The contributions range from new methods of the modification of filler surface and crosslinks structure of rubber vulcanizates, through modern functional elastomer composites, and on to aspects of their thermal stability, flammability, and ozone degradation. Each chapter contains a brief introduction to the particular topic of consideration, a description of the experimental technigues, and a discussion on the results obtained, followed by conclusions. The research presented here has potential applicability for industrial applications as well as for new materials and technologies. 

Alloy. Composite material made by blending polymers or copolymers with other polymers or elastomers under selected conditions. 

Based on the above observation, a series of elastomeric composites with POSS loading levels required for optimal properties of the elastomer composites were selected for further investigation. Table 3 presents the results from hysteresis measurements and values of Mullins effect of HNBR composites filled with silica (30 wt %) and addition of POSS molecules (5 wt %). 

Hydrocarbon resins are used extensively as modifiers in adhesives, sealants, printing inks, paints and varnishes, plastics, road marking, flooring, and oil field appHcations. In most cases, they ate compounded with elastomers, plastics, waxes, or oils. Selection of a resin for a particular appHcation is dependent on composition, molecular weight, color, and oxidative and thermal stabiHty, as weU as cost. A listing of all hydrocarbon resin suppHers and the types of resins that they produce is impractical. A representative listing of commercially available hydrocarbon resins and their suppHers is included in Table 6. 

The next criterion was the selection of materials that would yield the desired mechanical properties. Butyl elastomer (HR), a copolymer of isobutylene with a small amount of isoprene, has outstanding low-temperature properties and very high damping, but has very high creep without cross-linking." It was theorized that a blend of SIBS TPE and butyl elastomer, filled to achieve the required minimum density of 2.4 g cm, would be a promising composite for less-lethal ammu-... 

An elastomeric closure is a packaging component that is, or may be, in direct contact with a drug product. Elastomer selection for parenteral packaging principally involves consideration of chemical, physical, and biological properties, with emphasis on the stability profile of the drug/container system. Typical elastomeric closure compositions are listed in Tables 1 1. Although certain packaging applications frequently call to mind certain elastomer types, it is not feasible to prescribe specific... 

This volume provides an overview of polymer characterization test methods. The methods and instrumentation described represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing. Engineers, polymer scientists and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics. 

Elastomer compounds can be plasticized by addition of organic compounds. Elastomer compounds are inherently flexible and selection of a base polymer on the basis of molecular weight characteristics, chemical composition, and degree of crystallinity serves as the basis for the properties of the compound from which an elastomer is made. Oils are the most common plasticizer for elastomers. Oils of paraffinic structure or aromatic structure can be used with elastomers in which they are compatible. Paraffin wax would also be included in this category. Other plasticizers include phthalic acid esters and adipic acid esters. Fatty acids can be used as plasticizers but these contribute to an increase in surface tack of elastomer compounds. Examples include stearic and palmitic acid. Plasticizer addition has the added benefit of aiding with incorporation of inorganic materials. 

The above criteria were employed to select several commercially supplied Class PS elastomers for laboratory screening by employing selected tests taken from National Bureau of Standards NBSIR 77-1437(j4) and ANSI/ASTM D-3667-78 specifications for "Rubber Seals Used in Flat-Plate Solar Collectors". Four silicone, three EPDM, two fluorocarbon, three epichlorohydrin, one ethylene-acrylic, one polyacrylic, one chlorosulfonated polyethylene, one bromobutyl and two butyl rubbers were studied in these screening tests. These materials are identified in Table I and those compositions which were revealed by their manufacturers are shown in Table II. Undoubtedly some materials which should have been included were omitted however, we hope that this sampling will provide an indication of the applicability of a wide range of materials for use as sealants in thermal solar collectors. 

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