Efficacy classification

Increasing the concentration increases the penetration, but not to the same degree. Solubility of the corticosteroid in the vehicle is an other determinant of absorption and efficacy. So different formulations of the same corticosteroid can end up in a different efficacy classification. Efficacy can be further augmented by using the corticosteroid under occlusion. Occlusion with plastic enhances penetration and also absorption. However, with increased absorption also the risk of systemic side-effects increases. Systemic absorption will suppress the pituitary-adrenal axis and may cause Cushing s syndrome and a plethora of other adverse events (see Chapter 24, Section Il.b). Even small amounts absorbed may already cause growth retardation in children. 

A few morphologic acne scar classifications have been proposed to assess the efficacy of different therapeutic options based on the scar... 

First, we are going to briefly review some of the terms used to refer to ethnic differences and to describe the processes that take place when two or more cultural groups come into contact with each other. Second, we will outline some studies that illustrate how cultural aspects can affect, for example, the prevalence of certain disorders, the different ways symptoms are manifested, how therapeutic aid is sought or the efficacy of different forms of treatment. Cultural aspects can determine the appearance of syndromes that are specific to each culture (culture-bound syndromes) or can affect the manifestation of the symptoms that make up the different mental disorders. We will then show how cultural variations have been incorporated into the different systems of classification. Last, we will also detail the current recommendations on including cultural aspects in the diagnoses of mental disorders. 

In its continuing effort to improve the safety and efficacy of drugs in the pediatric population, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has defined five subgroups of this population based on age. Each subgroup is not homogeneous but does contain similar characteristics that are considered milestones in growth in development. The FDA classifications are listed in Table 1. 

Colquhoun, D., Affinity, efficacy and receptor classification is the classical theory still useful , in Perspectives on Receptor Classification, Black, J. W., Jenkinson, D. H., and Gerskowitch, V.R, Eds., Liss, New York, 1987, chap. 11. 

Measurement of dissociation equilibrium constants, which is of particular value in receptor classification and in the study of structure/activity relationships, where the effects of changes in chemical structure on affinity (and efficacy) are explored. 

The Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) analyzed more than 100,000 surgery cases and identified abdominal operations, operations lasting more than 2 hours, contaminated or dirty procedures, and more than three underlying medical diagnoses as factors associated with an increased incidence of SSI. When the NRC classification described in Table 48-1 was stratified by the number of SENIC risk factors present, the infection rates varied by as much as a factor of 15 within the same operative category. 

Gerlach J. (1991). New antipsychotics classification, efficacy, and adverse effects. Schizophr Bull. 17(2) 289-309. 

Part 2 of this guideline describes the data required for changing the classification. The documentation required concerning safety and efficacy in support of an application for a change in the classification for the supply will depend on the nature of the active substance and the extent... 

We apply our classification of study designs throughout the text to help the clinician interpret the quality of results from clinical trials. Further, we give the critical reader a perspective on the depth and validity of the available data. Most studies in our analyses of drug efficacy are class I or II, and if not, we discuss the studies accordingly. 

The Study of the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) identified four independent risk factors for postoperative wound infections operations on the abdomen, operations lasting more than 2 hours, contaminated or dirty wound classification, and at least three medical diagnoses. Patients with at least two SENIC risk factors who undergo clean surgical procedures have an increased risk of developing surgical wound infections and should receive antimicrobial prophylaxis. 

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