Effect of osmotic stress

Meury, J. (1988). Glycine betaine reverses the effects of osmotic stress on DNA replication and cell division in Escherichia coli. Arch. Microbiol. 149 232-239. 

Y. C. Yang, M. Bestos and K. J. Chen (1993). Effect of osmotic stress and growth stage on cellular pH and polyphosphate metabolism in Neurospora crassa as studied by 31-P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1179, 141-147. 

Yeast strain, and nutrient status of the must and fermentation conditions, many of which affect growth or induce physiological stress, modulate the accumulation of acetic and other fatty acids in wine. Reported factors include must sugar concentration, nutrient balance, inoculum level, fermentation temperature, pH and aeration (Delfini and Costa 1993 Henschke and Jiranek 1993 Shimazu and Watanabe 1981). The effects of osmotic stress, as induced by sugar concentration, on acetic acid production are discussed in Sect. 8D.3.2. 

Sheldrake AR (1979) Effects of osmotic stress on polar auxin transport in Avena mesoco-tyl sections. Planta 145 113-117... 

Interesting observations have also been made by Shao and Zhang [31], who used cryo-AFM to investigate the effect of osmotic stress on the influenza virus, where the virus was first adsorbed onto mica, where excess particles were removed. The remaining surface particles were then immersed in deionised water, producing osmotic shock, which caused the capsid envelope to burst and release RNA. Here the rupture pore was also clearly visible, allowing the internal structure to be analysed. 

Bibette has used this method to study the effect of osmotic pressure on the stability of thin films in concentrated o/w emulsions [96], by means of an osmotic stress technique. The emulsion is contained in a dialysis bag, which is immersed in an aqueous solution of surfactant and dextran, a water-soluble polymer. The bag is permeable to water and surfactant, but impermeable to oil and polymer. The presence of the polymer causes water to be drawn out of the emulsion, increasing the phase volume ratio and the deformation of the dispersed droplets (Fig. 10). 

Jones, B. E. 1968. Effects of extending periods of osmotic stress on water relationships of pepper. Physiol. Plant. 21 334-345. 

Jarvi, T., 1990, Cumulative acute physiological stress in Atlantic salmon smolls the effect of osmotic imbalance and the presence of predators. Aquaculture 89 337-350. 

THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND OF OSMOTIC STRESS ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH GALACTOLIPID SYNTHESIS... 

Malinin, V.S. and Lentz, B.R. (2004) Energetics of vesicle fusion intermediates comparison of calculations with observed effects of osmotic and curvature stresses. Biophysical Journal. 86, 2951-64. 

In making the reasonable assumption that browser diets should have remained consistent through time, it was also assumed that C7 C ratios of their C3 foliage diets would not have changed. This is not the case environmental parameters such as aridity, osmotic stress, temperature, pCOi and irra-diance have predictable effects on ratios of C3 plants (summarized in... 

Jones, H.G. (1973). Photosynthesis by thin leaf slices in solution. II. Osmotic stress and its effects on photosynthesis. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 26, 25-33. 

Shone, M.G.T. Flood, A.V. (1983). Effects of periods of localised water stress on subsequent nutrient uptake by barley roots and their adaptation by osmotic adjustment. New Phytologist, 94, 561-72. 

Cells selected for tolerance to water stress have been demonstrated in a number of plant species (Handa et al., 1983 Heyser Nabors, 1981 Stavarek Rains, 1984b). High molecular weight PEG is commonly used to induce water deficits (Hasegawa et al., 1984). This provides an opportunity to evaluate intracellular osmotic adjustment of plants exposed to water stress. If information is desired on the effect of specific osmotic substances on cellular adjustment to osmotic stress PEG can be used as an independent osmotic regulator and/or in combination with an absorbable osmoticum. In these situations the interaction of osmoticum produced by the cell with the osmoticum absorbed by the cell can be evaluated. 

A number of chapters in this volume (especially Chapters 5 and 6) provide a more thorough discussion of osmotic adjustment by intact plants and tissues in response to environmental stress and the role of osmotically active solutes in this response. The following section focuses on the role of organic osmotica in the response of plant cells to salt stress. Cultured plant cells offer the opportunity to evaluate the effect of both internally synthesised and externally administered organic osmotica. 

Weber, R.E., A. de Zwaan, and A. Bang. 1992. Interactive effects of ambient copper and anoxic, temperature and salinity stress on survival and hemolymph and muscle tissue osmotic effectors in Mytilus edulis. Jour. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 159 135-156. 

McKenney, C.L., Jr. and D.B. Hamaker. 1984. Effects of fenvalerate on larval development of Palaemonetes pugio (Holthuis) and on larval metabolism during osmotic stress. Aquat. Toxicol. 5 343-355. 

Graney, R.L. and J.P. Giesy, Jr. 1987. The effect of short-term exposure to pentachlorophenol and osmotic stress on the free amino acid pool of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 167-176. 

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