Effect of mobility ratio

Figure 8.1. The effect of mobility ratio on the in-situ saturation profile in a linear waterflood after 0.2 pv of injection relative permeabilities of the form in Table 8.1 with = 0.25, S c ...

Figure 8.10. The effect of mobility ratio in the water and polymer flood recoveries for the displacement of two viscous oils from linear sandpacks (from Knight and Rhudy, 1977).

Fig. 5.96—Effect of mobility ratio on mixing-zone width.

Studies on the effect of mobility ratio on areal sweep were made in models using compressed glass wool as the porous media with colored water solutions of glycol of different viscosities adjusted to represent mobility ratios. Although the polymer solutions exhibit resistance factor in this type of porous medium, the simpler solutions were used for experimental reasons. 

Wang J, Aubry A et al (2010) Effect of mobile phase pH, aqueous-organic ratio, and buffer concentration on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns implications in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric bioanalysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 24 3221-3229... 

The different effect of diffusivity ratio on kinetic rate for favorable and unfavorable isotherms can be visualized as follows the low mobility of displaced A ions leads to its accumulation in the resin bead and a lower ratio of free-ion concentrations (Cg/C ). The relative variation of concentration as the ratio varies is considerably smaller in the case of the favorable isotherm than the unfavorable isotherm and in the long run may result in variation of the kinetic rate as shown in Fig. 5. 

Kautz, C.B., Dahlmann, U.H., and Schneider, G.M. (1997) Capacity ratios in supercritical fluid chromatography Effect of mobile and stationary phase on hexasubstituted benzenes, J. Chromatogr. A 776, 305-309. 

The model is flooded through simulated wells drilled in the transparent sheet and the progress of the flood is recorded with a time-lapse movie camera and a still camera. Areal coverage values at a mobility ratio of one check well with the theory. Quantitative results on the effect of mobility... 

A review on TLC and PLC of amino adds, peptides, and proteins is presented in the works by Bhushan [24,25]. Chromatographic behavior of 24 amino acids on silica gel layers impregnated tiraryl phosphate and tri-n-butylamine in a two-component mobile phase (propanol water) of varying ratios has been studied by Sharma and coworkers [26], The effect of impregnation, mobile phase composition, and the effect of solubility on hRf of amino acids were discussed. The mechanism of migration was explained in terms of adsorption on impregnated silica gel G and the polarity of the mobile phase used. 

Ba/Th) has high " Nd/ " " Nd and must therefore generally be derived from the subducting altered oceanic cmst. (b) Ba/Th ratio versus Th content from which is can be inferred that Th is less mobilized in the fluid component and that the relative effect of the fluid component is more pronounced in the more depleted lavas with the lowest Th contents. Symbols and data sources as in Figure 1. 

These tests show that CC -foam is not equally effective in all porous media, and that the relative reduction of mobility caused by foam is much greater in the higher permeability rock. It seems that in more permeable sections of a heterogeneous rock, C02-foam acts like a more viscous liquid than it does in the less permeable sections. Also, we presume that the reduction of relative mobility is caused by an increased population of lamellae in the porous medium. The exact mechanism of the foam flow cannot be discussed further at this point due to the limitation of the current experimental set-up. Although the quantitative exploration of this effect cannot be considered complete on the basis of these tests alone, they are sufficient to raise two important, practical points. One is the hope that by this mechanism, displacement in heterogeneous rocks can be rendered even more uniform than could be expected by the decrease in mobility ratio alone. The second point is that because the effect is very non-linear, the magnitude of the ratio of relative mobility in different rocks cannot be expected to remain the same at all conditions. Further experiments of this type are therefore especially important in order to define the numerical bounds of the effect. 

The effectiveness of C02 in displacing oil from reservoirs is marred, however, by its extremely low viscosity. The viscosity of dense C02 remains low (in the range from 0.03 to 0.08 cp or 0.03 to 0.08 mpa) despite its relatively high density (above 0.45 g/cm3) under reservoir conditions. This low viscosity of C02 as compared to that of crude oil (1-10 cp) results in a high mobility ratio which degrades the macroscopic efficiency of the displacement process. Therefore, some method of mobility control is required for efficient use of C02, to increase greatly the quantity of producible oil. 

The ratio of mobile radon to the total radon produced is referred to as the emanating fraction or emanation coefficient. The range of observed emanation coefficients is indicated in Table I. The effect of moisture on the emanation coefficient has been noted by several authors (Thamer fill al.. 1981 Strong and... 

Munoz and Holroyd (1987) have measured Hall mobility in TMS from 22 to 164° C. This measurement parallels very well the variation of drift mobility with temperature in this liquid, and the Hall ratio remains essentially constant at 1.0 0.1. Both the drift and Hall mobilities in TMS decrease with temperature beyond 100°C, becoming 50 cmV s-1 at 164°C. The overall conclusion is that TMS is essentially trap-free in this temperature range, and the decrease of mobilities is due not to trapping, but to some other scattering mechanism that is more effective at higher temperatures. 

The mole fraction of the monomer units that are cross-linked in the polymer is X,., and nt is Ihe number-average number of atoms in the polymer backbone between cross-links. The temperature should be expressed in absolute degrees in this equation. The constant K is predicted to be between 1.0 and 1.2 it is a function of the ratio of segmental mobilities of cross-linked to uncross-linked polymer units and the relative cohesive energy densities of cross-linked and uncross-linked polymer (88). The theoretical equation is probably fairly good, but accurate tests of it are difficult because of the uncertainty in making the correction for the copolymer effect and because of errors in determining nf. 

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