Effect of formulation and processing

B. Lueckel, B. Helk, D. Bodmer, and H. Leuenberger, Effect of formulation and process variables on the aggregation of freeze dried interleukin-6 (IL-6) after lyophilization and storage, Pharm. Dev. Technol., 3, 337 (1998). 

Mendes RW, Masih SZ, Kanumuri RR. Effect of formulation and process variables on bioequivalency of nitrofurantoin II in vivo—in vitro correlation. J Pharm Sci 1978 67 1616—1619. 

Effect of Formulation and Processing Variations on Shear Strength. 

Remunanlopex, C. Bodmeier, R. Effect of formulation and process variables on the formation of chitosan-gelatin coacervates. Int. J. Pharm. 1996, 135 (1-2), 63-72. 

All these studies on the process are generally done after the optimization of the formulation. However, because the effects of formulation and process changes are not generally independent, it may become necessary to carry out some sort of process study at the same time as the formulation optimization. 

Bin T, Kulshreshtha AK, Al-Shakhshir R, Hem SL. Adsorption of benzalkonium chloride by filter membranes mechanisms and effect of formulation and processing parameters. Pharm Dev Technol 1999 4(2) 151-165. 

Many compounds of pharmaceutical interest presented as tablets contain drug substances that are photoinstable and a large literature is available dealing with individual drug substances (e.g., Thoma and Kerker, 1992 Thoma and Kiibler, 1997 Teraoka et al., 2001). The effect of formulation and processing variables have also been assessed (e.g., Aman and Thoma, 2002). 

There are numerous reports describing the effects of formulation and processing variables on dissolution and bioavailability. All excipients used in the formulation of dosage forms and processes used... 

Klayraung, S. Viernstein, H. Okonogi, S. Development of tablets eontaining probiotics Effects of formulation and processing parameters on bacterial viability. Int. J. Pharm. 2009,370 (1-2), 54-60. 

Streubel, A. Siepmann, J. Bodmeier, R. Floating matrix tablets based on low density foam powder Effects of formulation and processing parameters on drng release. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 18(1), 37-45. 

Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Walther M, MacRae R, Bodmeier R. Aqueous HPMCAS coatings effects of formulation and processing parameters on drug release and mass transport mechanisms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006 63(3) 262-9. Available from PM 16621484. 

S Wittaya-Areekul, S Nail. Freeze-drying of tert-butyl alcohol/water cosolvent systems effects of formulation and process variables on residual solvents. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 87 491, 1998. 

Xu Y, Skotak M, Hanna M. Electrospray encapsulation of water-soluble protein with polylactide. I. Effects of formulations and process on morphology and particle size. J Microencapsul 2006 23(1) 69—78. 

A series of studies have been carried out by Schaefer and his colleagues to investigate the effects of formulation and process variables on the hot-melt granulation process, and the properties of the obtained granules (7-13). 

Mehta KA, Kislalioglu MS, Phuapradit W, Malick AW, Shah NH. Effect of formulation and process variables on matrix erosion and drug release from a multiunit erosion matrix of a poorly soluble drug. Pharm Technol 2002 February 26-34. 

Bansal P, Haribhakti K, Subramanian V, Plakogiannis F. Effect of formulation and process variables on the dissolution profile of naproxen sodium from tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1994 20(3) 2151 2156. 

There are many other examples of applications of ANNs in pharmaceutical technology, dted in Sun et al. [ 16]. It has been shown that many artificial intelligence systems, especially neural networks, can be applied to the fundamental investigations of the effects of formulation and process variables on the delivery system. 

---