Effect material enrichment

The earliest studies in this field were conducted largely to benefit from the Szilard-Chalmers effect—namely, the separation of radioactive atoms from the bulk material—in order either to make nuclear chemical study of radioactive nuclides or to effect an enrichment of radioisotopes. In Table II are listed some selected works of this type. 

Since most (if not all) low-metallicity objects that are currently observed in the halo are not in the AGB phase, material enriched in carbon and the s-process elements is assumed to have accreted from the companion AGB stars, which have already evolved to faint white dwarfs, to the surface of the surviving companion. This scenario is the same as that applied to classical CH stars [4], Unfortunately, long-term radial velocity monitoring has been obtained for only a limited number of objects a clear binarity signature has been established for six objects in our sample to date. However, there exists additional support for the mass-accretion scenario for the Ba-rich CEMP stars. Fig. lb shows [C/H] as a function of luminosity roughly estimated from the effective temperature... 

In its passage through a water column, a bubble acts as an interface between the liquid and vapour phases, and as such collects surface-active dissolved materials as well as colloidal micelles on its surface. Thus in a well-aerated layer of water, the upper levels will become progressively enriched in-surface-active materials. In the open ocean, an equilibrium undoubtedly exists between the materials carried downward by bubble injection from breaking waves and those carried upward by rising bubbles. In the laboratory, however, this effect will enrich the surface layer with organic materials. 

The process of combustion of materials enriched with yttrium seems to be a risk factor as a source of flammable dusts. Yttrium oxide, yttrium chloride, yttrium citrate, and certain other yttrium compounds may cause chronic pathological effects in different parts of the mammalian respiratory system, according to the results of experimental studies carried out in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Therefore, a higher risk for human health may be... 

The results of the criticality safety analysis show that most of the fissionable material placed in the Battelle-Northwest storage facility is safe geometry in the tubular storage array provided the U or effective Pu enrichment is limited, and that either moderation or fissile density is limited. In a few cases it is necessary to limit the fissile mass placed in storage tubes to provide criticality safety. The tubular storage array was constructed with a minimum amount of concrete between adjacent locations to maximize the amount erf fuel that may be stored. Consequently, a Monte Carlo analysis of the entire array was performed which determines the... 

Fuel material - enrichment level, poison effect, etc. 

The large kinetic isotope effect observed in the oxidation of d-[6- H] galactose by galactose oxidase has been exploited to increase its specific activity. As the unlabelled substrate is oxidised faster, incomplete oxidation leaves the starting material enriched in labelled component. In the Bleomycin-mediated oxidative degradation of DNA, 2 -deo qr-4 -pentulose is released. A mechanistic study with 0-labeIled O2 and H2O revealed that the solvent is the source of the 4 -carbonyl oxygen atom. ... 

Fullerene-type materials are also found to show remarkable ER effect. Fullerene enriched soot and fullerenes mixture, particularly C6o mixed with C70 with trace amount of Cs4 and C97, display an electrorheological behavior [105], The ER properties of fullerene type materials can be tailored by appropriate encapsulation of ions within the hollow sphere or adsorbed on the surface. 

Enrichment of processed food with plant material or plant extracts rich in polyphenols has two aspects in relation to human nutrition and human health. Food protected against oxidation has better keeping quality and will stay healthy longer since formation of toxic oxidation products, like cholesterol oxides, is being prevented (Britt et al., 1998). The other aspect is the beneficial effects of the intake of polyphenols on human health. Both of these aspects are, however, related to the availability of the phenolic substances. 

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