EDX analysis

Figure 5. Crosswise SEM-EDX analysis in the composite membranes (L, radial distance from the inner surface of the tube) Curve 1 ( ) corresponds to support without the y-AI2O3 toplayer, curve 2 ( ) with the y-Al203 toplayer.

Pt/Rh bimetallic nanoclusters were similarly prepared by this alkaline EG method [12]. The particle sizes of bimetallic Pt/Rh nanoclusters (0.37 g/1 in total metal concentration) ranged from 0.9 to 2.1 nm with an average diameter of 1.3 nm. A combined EDX analysis, using an electron beam of 1.0 nm in diameter, revealed that both signals of Pt and Rh existed in each individual particle and the average ratio of Pt to Rh (1.4 1) was close to the charged ratio (1.33 1) in the preparation, proving the formation of bimetallic nanoclusters. 

Figure 5 shows the Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image of a Ru/Sn02 nanocomposite catalyst prepared by the assembly process [18]. A combined EDX analysis, using an electron beam of... 

Similarly, monometallic Rh, Pd, and Au and bimetallic Pt-Rh and Pt-Pd nanowires were prepared in FSM-16 or HMM-1 by the photoreduction method [30,33,34]. The bimetallic wires gave lattice fringes in the HRTEM images, and the EDX analysis indicated the homogeneous composition of the two metals. These results show that the wires are alloys of Pt-Rh and Pt-Pd. Mesoporous silica films were also used as a template for the synthesis of uniform metal particles and wires in the channels [35,36]. Recently, highly ordered Pt nanodot arrays were synthesized in a mesoporous silica thin film with cubic symmetry by the photoreduction method [37]. The... 

SEM studies of composites were carried out using a JEOL JSM-T300 scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed by energy dispersive device LINK 860-500 attached to the SEM unit. JEOL-JEM-200 transmission electron microscope was used for TEM investigations. 

Elemental analysis can also be performed on SEM samples using x-ray spectrometer attachments [55], The techniques are known as energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and wavelength dispersive x-ray (WDX) analysis and require installation of a detector in the sample chamber. 

Ethylene glycol has been used instead of water as solvent in the deposition of CdS films from cadmium acetate and sodium sulfide precursors. The films were amorphous and showed some excess cadmium (Cd/S atomic percentage ratio was 52.3/47.7) in EDX analysis.79... 

SnS2. Weakly crystalline SnS2 films have been grown from tin(II) chloride and sodium sulfide precursors. EDX analysis gave a Sn/S ratio of 1/2.02. The surface roughness of a 290-nm-thick film was 32 nm. The band gap was 2.22 eV, and the photoluminescence spectra, using a 325 nm excitation source, showed peaks at 549 nm and 700 nm.118... 

Determination of the Chemical Formulae of Clay Samples using EDX Analysis... 

The elemental compositions in weight percent of the four samples coded Brine Surge 1, Brine Surge 2, MBL-1A and MBL-1B collected from brine surge tank and MBL-1 sampling points were determined by EDX analysis. The clays are composed dominantly of 02 ( 70-80 wt. %) and Si ( 10-15 wt. %), and minor amounts of Na, Mg, and Al (below 5 wt.%). Trace to nil K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cl are also present. In MBL-1 B, however, significant amounts of Fe ( 6.5 wt. %) is present in the sample. These elemental compositions are consistent with the general formula of smectite as will be discussed later. 

In another qualitative study, EDX analysis was used to study the nature of the precipitate occasionally formed in Zn-insulin solutions [73]. Identification of the EDX peaks obtained for the crystalline precipitates enabled the deduction that the solid consisted of a Zn-insulin complex, and a rough analysis of the peak intensities indicated that the composition of the precipitate was comparable to that existing in the starting materials. The combination of the EDX technique with scanning electron microscopy enabled the analyses to be conducted on relatively few numbers of extremely small particles. 

Figure 1.4 SEM images and EDX data from a Mo9V3W12Ox catalyst after activation during the oxidation of acrolein [35], The pictures indicate that needle-like (A), platelet-like (B), and spherical (not shown) particles are formed during exposure to the reaction mixture. EDX analysis at different spots, two of which are exemplified here, point to V, Mo, and W contents that vary from 19 to 29, 60 to 69, and 11 to 13 atom%, respectively. It was determined that the in situ formation of a (MoVW)5014-type phase accounts for the increase in acrolein conversion observed during the initial reaction stages. (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier.)...

Figure 19 SEM picture of a cross section of an exposed antifouling paint based on ZnR and CU2O (upper left picture) and its corresponding EDX analysis showing the Cu signals as dots (upper right picture).

Figure 27 SEM pictures (left) and EDX analysis results (right) of TiCh-containing AF model paint formulations exposed to sea water (20 knots) for a) 3...

Fig. 25 Combined analysis of the products obtained after thermal treatment of Zn2Al/PSS at 600 °C under a N2 and b air atmospheres. In the left part, the EDX analysis is presented, and in the right part, XANES (above) and EXAFS (below) spectra are displayed in comparison to ZnS c...

Figure 10. SEM-EDX results of selected areas of Au/MnOx/C [75]. The catalyst was pretreated in 02-Ele at 200oC, tested in CO oxidation, and then collected for SEM-EDX analysis. [Reproduced by permission of Elsevier fromMa, Z. Liang, C. D. Overbury, S. H. Dai, S. J. Catal. 2007, 252, 119-126.1.

Usually, bulk samples are crushed Co less than 10 mm and split to obtain workable quantities of material. Fractions of these are crushed again so the rock passes a 20 mesh sieve and then is ground to -200 mesh. Portions of this material are taken for XRD and electron microprobe energy dispersive x-ray emission (EDX) analysis. Samples for EDX probe analysis are made into 100-mg pellets at 2000 psl. Before analysis, Che pellets are coated with 100 Co 200 angstroms of carbon. 

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