EDS analysis

P. Echlin, ed., Analysis of Organic and Biological Surfaces, Wiley, New York, 1984. C. S. Fadley, in Electron Spectroscopy, Theory, Techniques, and Applications, Vol. 2, C. R. Brundle and A. D. Baker, eds., Pergamon, New York, 1978. 

T. M. Schmitt, ed.. Analysis of Sufactants, Sufactant Science Series, Vol. 40, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992. 

H. W. Werner (eds.) Analysis of Mieroelectro-nie Materials an Devices, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 1991. 

Gertman, D. I., Haney, L. N., Jeirkins, J. P., Blackman, H. S. (1985). Operator Decision Making Under Stress. In G. Johannsen, G. Mancini, L. Martensson (Eds.). Analysis Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems (Proceedings of the 2nd IFAC/IFIP/IFORS Conference, Varese, Italy). 

B. Wenclawiak (Ed.), Analysis with Supercritical Fluids Extraction and Chromatography, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1992). 

In order to confirm the formation of nanodots, the fabricated nanodot arrays on a substrate were examined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS analysis of niobium oxide arrays on Si film before etching (Fig. 2(a)) was shown in Fig. 3(a). The Si peak as well as Nb and O peaks was observed because niobium oxide on Si film was so thin. 

Fig. 3. EDS analysis of (a) niobium oxide arrays before etching, and of Si nanodot arrays etched for (b) 20 s and (c) 30 s at 20% CI2, 500 W coil rf power, 300 V dc-bias voltage and 5 mXorr gas pressure...

The surface analyses of the Co/MgO catalyst for the steam reforming of naphthalene as a model compound of biomass tar were performed by TEM-EDS and XPS measurements. From TEM-EDS analysis, it was found that Co was supported on MgO not as particles but covering its surface in the case of 12 wt.% Co/MgO calcined at 873 K followed by reduction. XPS analysis results showed the existence of cobalt oxide on reduced catalyst, indicating that the reduction of Co/MgO by H2 was incomplete. In the steam reforming of naphthalene, film-like carbon and pyrolytic carbon were found to be deposited on the surface of catalyst by means of TPO and TEM-EDS analyses. 

Multon, J., Ed., Analysis of Food Constituents, John WUey Sons, New York, 1996. CIE, Technical Report Improvement in Industrial Colour-Difference Evaluation, Pnblication 142-2001, Commission Internationale de I Eclairage, Vienna, 2001. Watson, D.H., Food Chemical Safety, vols. 1 and 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002. King, S., Gates, M., and Scalettar, L., Eds., Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley Sons, New York, 2001. 

Henry, M.C. andYonker, C.R., Supercritical fluid chromatography, pressurized hquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Anal. Chem., 78, 3909, 2006. Wenclawiak, B., Ed., Analysis with Supercritical Fluids Extraction and Chromatography, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992. 

Samples A and B are of particular Interest because they are composed of small, uniform platinum crystallites. The fact that these crystallites are on alumina limits the techniques available for their characterization. Sample A showed what appeared to be very thin platinum crystallites, which were barely observable by Imaging techniques or measurable by EDS. An exanq>le of a bright field Image and corresponding EDS analysis Is shown In Figure 1. In order to obtain analyses of this type, focus variation at magnifications of 1 to 4 Mx was commonly used with EDS analysis at 20 Mx to confirm that the particle was platinum. 

Figure 1. Example of a 2nm platinum crystallite at 4 Mx and corresponding EDS analysis at 20 Mx for 150 sec.

Figure 5. Typical EDS analysis of a 4nm cluster of Fe on y alumina In the chlorlded form taken at. 20 Mx for 200 sec.

SEM and EDS analysis of the platinum-doped tungsten oxide photocatalyst after sintering showed the presence of platinum particles on the surface of the tungsten oxide. 

EDS compositional analysis with a focused 2nm electron beam of the FEG-TEM in the central part of mother cluster on the Ar-irradiated AuAg sample, gives an Au/ Ag ratio (measured at AuL and AgL) of 1.4 + 0.1, whereas the same ratio measured on the satellite clusters is 2.3+0.8. Similar ratios have been found from EDS analysis on AuAg sample irradiated with He, Ne, or Kr ions. EDS analysis reveals therefore a preferential extraction of Au atoms from the original cluster and this selective dealloying process is independent of the particular system investigated (we obtained similar results for Ne-irradiated AuCu cluster, as previously reported). 

The TEM images of alfalfa shoots (Figure 6a) and the EDS analysis (Figure 6b) show that Au atoms were dispersed through the longitudinal axis of alfalfa seedlings. EDS was performed on many particles to corroborate that all of them were pure gold. 

Lightfoot pc (1993) The Interpretation of Geoanalytical data in analysis of geological materials. In Riddle C, ed. Analysis of Geological Materials, pp 377-455. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. 

Figure 2 shows the SEM image of the flake at a magnification of 350 x, as it was mounted on the conductive carbon tape. If there is a polymeric film covering the sample, the SEM will only show the surface topography of the film, not the structure residing below the polymeric film. EDS was conducted on two areas on the sample as indicated in Figure 2. The EDS analysis was conducted in square spot mode, approximately 1 pm by 1 pm in size. The elemental results are shown in Table 2. Based on these data sets it is apparent that the Type A defect is an iron-rich particle. Based on the lack of chromium or nickel the Type A defect is a particle of steel, not stainless steel.

A section of the film was removed from the bag and was immersed in liquid nitrogen. The section was then freeze-fractured and mounted on the SEM stage with the outside surface of the bag section facing downward. The sample was sputter coated prior to SEM/EDS analysis. Sputtering was performed to deposit approximately 20 nm of gold/palladium onto the sample. Double-sided conductive tape was used to ensure that the sample was sufficiently grounded to... 

B. Yan (Ed.), Analysis and Purification Methods in Combinatorial Chemistry, Wiley Interscience, Hoboken, 2004. 

BSEI) showing oxidation of stibnite. (B) SEM/EDS spectra obtained within a secondary oxide (mixture of Fe and Sb oxide). White square is the location of the EDS analysis shown in (B) and SO means secondary oxide. 

The Atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) results on the solids confirm the chemical purity of Py, Cp, Qz, Cal and Dol samples. The Po sample contains calcium which, after conversion into calcite, gives approximately 10wt% of this mineral. Sid sample contains 10.3 wt% Mn and 1.86 wt% Mg, in agreement with measurements using a Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis again this explains the difference between the measured and theoretical density of the Sid powder. 

Orui et al. [169] studied the stability of La(Ni, Fe)03 with 10 mol% Sc203-l mol% Al203-stabilized Zr02 (SASZ) and found that LNF was more reactive with SASZ electrolyte than LSM. For the cell sintered at 1100 and 1200°C, a reaction layer was clearly visible at the LNF/SASZ interface. The thickness of the reaction layer increased with the sintering temperature and the layer was identihed as the oxide-containing La and Zr by the TEM/EDS analysis. 

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