Economic regulatory framework

Energy is an essential input driving economic development. Therefore, in developed economies energy policies constitute an important component of overall regulatory frameworks shaping the improving overall competitiveness and market integration of the private business sector. Overall competitiveness includes liberalization of the... 

On 29 October 2003, the Commission adopted a proposal for a new EU regulatory framework for chemicals, the so-called REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of CHemicals). This new regulatory framework achieved all the objectives identified in the White Paper (EU 2001) and thus represents a model of sustainable development by pursuing its three main goals economic (industrial competitiveness), social (health protection and jobs), and environmental. 

The choice for an open-source DSS is first of all driven by the belief that in this way the DSS would be able to respond quickly to any progress and change in the scientific field as well as in the regulatory framework. Moreover the availability of the source code together with the right to modify it is likely to stimulate new improvements and further implementations. The open-source issue is a delicate subject that also takes into account that the DSS should be available to all the stakeholders and should be developed and managed by an organization that is independent of national and commercial interests such as the economic interests associated with the use of specific software. 

Most of the benefits expected from REACH are based on the expected significant increase in cancer prevention. Postle et al. (2003) estimated that the economic benefits of preventing between 2167 and 4333 deaths per annum due to cancer over a 30-year period will be between 18 billion and 54 billion by comparison, the benefits of preventing deaths from all other diseases combined were between 23 million and 225 million (Postle et al. 2003). Clearly, carcinogenicity is of paramount importance within regulatory frameworks. Due to the importance of the EU as a trade bloc, it is expected that other jurisdictions will adapt their legislation to be compatible. 

The subject of safety may be viewed as a logical part of the modem business scene. The pursuit of excellence in this domain, however, requires not only scientific and management expertise, but also in many cases serious investment and apparent cost increases. Drawing the lines between requirements dictated by economics, legislation, regulatory frameworks and environmental stewardship policy, is a complex and delicate matter which can have a major effect on corporate performance. 

This then is the context of the present book that explores the scientific, economic, fiscal, social and regulatory framework of a world economy supported by hydrogen. It is a fascinating journey that will inspire all of us who are looking for a clean, sustainable future. 

The primary stated purpose of regulatory frameworks applied to professional practice (including in geoscience) is to avoid harm to people (health, safety, economic wellbeing) or the environment caused by malpractice or faulty... 

A distinction should be made between the different levels of political influence operating at different levels of policy. At the macro level, the body politic is regarded as representative of the public or the electorate. Hence, politics is a means by which society decides which regulatory direction is ethically acceptable, socially preferable, economically beneficial and scientifically reliable. From the perspective of representative democracy, therefore, it is desirable for politics to determine the overall legal frameworks within which dmgs are regulated. But at the micro level, where decisions are made which apply those legal frameworks to specific cases, it is not desirable for politics to exert influence on individual cases. 

The ICS that are certified to lOAS-accredited certification body standards are compelled (as of the 2002 IBS revision) to comply with chapter 8 on social justice (see Box 14.2) as well as the rest of the IBS. In addition, many ICSs are part of producer cooperatives that also have fair trade certification. As such, additional social justice and development standards are in place - the regulatory and collaboration dimensions. The learning element of ICSs is perhaps the most dynamic and interesting. Extension is an integral and essential aspect of ICSs - and is predominantly used for technical issues. Elowever, ICSs, once in place are often a framework for other kinds of development and learning (e.g. parallel systems - HIV/AIDS education in Uganda via EPOPA Projects, local community economics in Thailand). 

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