The Economic Environment

In this chapter, we will further address and quantify some of the project environment issues raised in preceding chapters. They essentially relate to two aspects of project work, firstly plant capital and operating costs, and secondly the costs of project engineering and management work. 

---

All activities identified in Table 5 should occur prior to beginning process validation. The economic environment of most drug companies is such that no... 

With the system embedded in the economic environment, all the energies and materials of interest are evaluated according to their economic potentials (costs). The criterion function is a cost measure. A typical function rated per unit time is... 

An important observation is that in a highly uncertain environment the computation of an Economic Potential at I/O level can put minimum/maximum targets for selling and acquisition prices, respectively. As a rule of thumb, the ratio of product selling price to raw materials purchasing price should be greater than two (see an explanation in Chapter 15). If the economic environment is highly uncertain, the comparison of... 

In fact. Rose suggests that Smaller firms... may be more responsive to fluctuations in the economic environment (Rose, 1990, pg. 959), and that more intense scrutiny of the safety practices of financially marginal carriers is desirable (Rose, 1989, pg. 111). However, Oster et al. (1992, pg. 124) conclude ... 

We assumed both input and output markets are competitive. Firms purchase capital and safety equipment at fixed prices of 1. We implicitly assumed both nonlabor inputs are produced in constant cost industries, implying their prices are invariant to the particular changes in the economic environment we consider in the numerical simulations. 

The economy for a community consists of both the economic environment and the organizations... 

Lindbeck, Assar, 1981, Industrial Policy as an Issue in the Economic Environment, The World Economy 4 (4), 391-405. 

---