Echinacea angustifolia

Fig. 2.77 Compounds 246-249, caffeic-acid derivatives from Echinacea angustifolia. Compounds 250 and 251, sweet principals from Lippia dulcis...

Binns, S. E., Arnason, J. T. and Baum, B. R. 2002. Phytochemical variation within populations of Echinacea angustifolia (Asteraceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30 837-854. 

Morazzoni, P. et al., In vitro and in vivo immune stimulating effects of a new standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea), Fitoterapia, 76, 401, 2005. 

Rehman, J. et al., Increased production of antigen-specific immunoglobulins G and M following in vivo treatment with the medicinal plants Echinacea angustifolia and Hydrastis canadensis, Immunol Lett, 68, 391,1999. 

Barnes J et al Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) A review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Pharm Pharmacol 2005 57 929. [PMID 16102249]... 

As stated previously, Echinacea angustifolia roots were originally used by North American Indians to treat a variety of infections and wounds. In the late 1800s, these echinacea preparations... 

Turner et al. (2005) evaluated the efficacy of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. The results of this study indicate that extracts of E. angustifolia root, either alone or in combination, did not have clinically significant effects on the infection or on the clinical illness that results from it. Be that as it may, many believe in echinacea and used it routinely to avert the common cold. 

Bauer, R., Remiger, P., and Wagner, H. 1989. Alkamides from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia. Phytochemistry 28, 505-508. 

Facino, R.M., Carini, M., Aldini, G., Marinello, C., Arlandini, E., Franzoi, L., Colombo, M., Pietta, P., and Mauri, P. 1993. Direct characterization of caffeoyl esters with antihyaluronidase activity in crude extracts from Echinacea angustifolia roots by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. Farmaco 48, 1447-1461. 

Schumacher, A. and Friedberg, K. 1991. Untersuchungen Zur Wirkung von Echinacea angustifolia auf die Unspezifische Zellulare Immunantwort der Maus. Arzneim.-Forsch. (Drug Res.) 41, 141-147. 

Sun, L., Rezaei, K., Temelli, F., and Ooraikul, B. 2002. Supercritical fluid extraction of alkylamides from Echinacea angustifolia. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 3947-3953. 

Tubaro, A., Tragni, E., Del Negro, P., Galli, C., and Loggia, R. 1987. Anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction of Echinacea angustifolia. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 39, 567-569. 

An anaphylactic reaction to Echinacea angustifolia has been reported (27). 

Genus and species Echinacea angustifolia, E. pallida, E. purpurea... 

Key Words Echinacea purpurea-, Echinacea angustifolia immune stimulation arabino-galactans P450 enzyme induction. 

Echinacea is a group of American coneflowers in the Family Asteraceae/ Compositae. There are nine species of the plant included in the genus. Three of these are typically seen in herbal preparations Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, and Echinacea pallida. Common preparations consist of freshly pressed or ethanolic extracts of the roots, leaves, and flowers as well as dried portions of the plants. E. purpurea is the most commonly used species, although it is often seen in combination with E. angustifolia (1). 

Woelkart K, Koidl C, Grisold A, et al. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of alkamides from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2005 45 683-689. 

Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) Echinacea enhances immunity by increasing white blood cells, activating granulocytes, and increasing cells in the spleen. The Echinacea leaf combats respiratory and urinary infections and is used to treat snakebite. The Echinacea root is used to treat flu symptoms. Patients with autoimmune disease and abnormal T-cell functions should avoid Echinacea. Patients who take Echinacea should do so for 8 weeks. Do not stop taking Echinacea after 1 week. 

Little, R. 1999. Taming Echinacea angustifolia research at SDSU and insights from a grower, http //www.abs.sdstate.edu/bio/reesen/Echinaca/newsletter.htm. 

Schulte, K.E., Rucker, G. and Perlick, J. 1967. The presence of polyacetylene compounds in Echinacea purpurea Munch and Echinacea angustifolia DC. Arzneimittelforschung. 17(7) 825—9. 

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