Activation of granulocytes

Zimmerman, G.A., Renzetti, A.D. and Hill, H.R. (1983). Functional and metabolic activity of granulocytes from patients with ARDS. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 127, 290-300. 

Irons, R.D., Stillman, W.S., Colagiovanni, D.B. Henry, V.A. (1992) Synergistic action of the benzene metabolite hydroquinone on myelopoietic stimulating activity of granulocyte/macro-phage colony-stimulating factor in vitro. Proc. natlAcad. Sci. USA, 89, 3691-3695... 

Colchicine does not influence the renal excretion of uric acid or its concentration in blood. By virtue of its ability to bind to tubulin, colchicine interferes with the function of the mitotic spindles and causes depolymerization and disappearance of the fibrillar microtubules in granulocytes and other motile cells. This action is apparently the basis for the beneficial effect of colchicine, namely, the inhibition of the migration of granulocytes into the inflamed area and a decreased metabolic and phagocytic activity of granulocytes. This reduces the release of lactic acid and proinflammatory enzymes that occurs during phagocytosis and breaks the cycle that leads to the inflammatory response. 

Combination of low doses of cyclophosphamide, E. purpurea extract (Echinacin ) and thymostimulin enhanced the immune functions of terminally ill cancer patients (Lersch et al., 1990, 1992). NK cells increased between 17 and 29% whereas lymphokine activated killer cell activity increased from 180 to 195%. In contrast, polysaccharides isolated from cell cultures of E. purpurea did not enhance the phagocytic activity of granulocytes in chemotherapy patients (Melchart et al., 2002). 

GM-CSF fibroblasts T-lymphocytes, macrophages. Maturation and activation of granulocytes dendritic cells. 

De Sole P, Lippa S, Littarru GP. Whole blood chemiluminescence a new technical approach to assess oxygen dependent microbicidal activity of granulocytes, J Clin Lab Autom 1983 3 391-400. 

Wni i c phagocytic labeling of leucocytes proceeded for instance with a commercial suinTc-albumin colloid kit. ITie leucocytes were separated from 40 ml heparinized blood. ITie preparation appeared to be stable for 2-3 h after labeling. Imaging time was 30 min to 4 h post-administration. About 20 % of the labeled colloid remained unbound to the WBCs. The preparation contained approximately equal activities of granulocytes and monocytes [163. ... 

Mulder AH, Stegeman CA, Kallenberg CG, et al. Activation of granulocytes by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Wegener s granulomatosis a predominant role for the IgG3 subclass of ANCA. CUn Exp Immunol 1995 101 227-232. 

Dranoff G, MuUigan RC. Activities of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor revealed by gene transfer and gene knockout studies. Stem Cells 1994 12(suppl 1) 173-182 discussion 82-84. 

Ivanovich, R, Chenoweth, D., Schmidt, R., Klinkmann, H., Boxer, L., Jacob, H., Hammerschmidt, D. Symptoms and activation of granulocytes and complement with two dialysis membranes. Kidney Int. 24, 758-763 (1983)... 

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