East Pole

Milne (1926, p. 133). There s a South Pole, said Christopher Robin, and I expect there s an East Pole and a West Pole, though people don t like talking about them. ... 

Fig. 18-11 Records of atmospheric CO2 in Antarctica for the past 1000 years. Open circles are ice-core data from Law Dome, on the coast of east Antarctica (Etheridge et al., 1996). Plus signs are direct measurements of CO2 in air samples collected monthly at the South Pole (NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado).

Fig. 18-17 Ice core records of N2O. (a) Data of Machida et al. (1995) from the H15 ice core, east Antarctica, for the time period 1750-1950, and monthly atmospheric N2O measurements at the South Pole from the NOAA Climate and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, CO, for the period 1989-1998. (b) Data from Leuenberger and Siegenthaler (1992) from the Byrd ice core in West Antarctica.

Consequently, Fludd attempted to prove that the world s poles are within man by allocating the directions of the compass to the body one should face east to pray with one s posterior to the west. The left-hand is then North, while the right-hand is South. The human body then comes into harmony with the magnetic poles. 

Southward migration of Southwest Japan as a drawer between a right-lateral system to the west and a left-lateral one to the east along the Tanakura Tectonic Line (Otsuki and Ehiro, 1978) or a clockwise rotation of Southwest Japan about a pole located in the Tsushima Strait (Otofuji et al., 1987), or a combination of both (Kobayashi, 1983) have been proposed. 

Obviously, clogged drains are not much fun. But free-flowing ones can be. They afford fantastic opportunities for scientific conjecture and experimentation. For example, does water really spiral down the drain counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Certainly, hurricanes and tornadoes spin in opposite directions above and below the equator. This is due to the so-called Coriolus effect, which is based on the fact that the earth spins in an easterly direction at a speed of about a thousand miles per hour at the equator. As we move north or south the speed decreases, since less distance has to be covered in the same time. Now, imagine that there Is a gigantic bathtub extending from the equator to the North Pole. The water near the equator will travel east much faster than the water near the North Pole. If we pull the plug, the water will spin down the drain counterclockwise due to the... 

Although he chose to become an American, Sendzimir maintained his identity as a Pole. His lifetime contacts and relationship with Poland earned him many honors from that country. In 1990, the largest steel mill in Krakow, known as the Lenin mill, was renamed Sendzimir. Sendzimir died after a massive stroke in 1989 and was buried by his family in a galvanized coffin. After his death, following his wishes, Sendzimir s widow, Berthe, set up the Sendzimir Foundation, dedicated to helping people in Poland and other East European countries to find ways to clean the environment of industrial pollution and to find ways to live in a sustainable manner. 

To develop our novel micro-meteorological instruments, we used a large cow-pasture east of Pasadena, which gently sloped up toward the San Gabriel mountains. We had a favorite demonstration of katabatic wind. We had a pole with eight wind vanes spaced about every half meter apart. In the afternoon, the sea breeze caused all the wind vanes to point toward the Pacific Ocean. As sunset approached, first the lowest wind vane on our pole turned and pointed toward the mountain as a shallow current of cold air flowed downhill. Somewhat later the second vane turned, then the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and finally the eighth turned as the katabatic wind built up to be a deep gentle flow of cold air. Before sunset, we could almost tell the time of day by how many wind vanes pointed uphill. 

The tidal acceleration at any point on earth at any point in time can be computed from the tidal potential. This is either done analytically (Bartels, 1957) or via finite-difference approximation -AO/(/ cos (p A2) or -A/( / Ageographic latitude is crucial in this context. A water particle at the equator is clearly subject to alternating acceleration because the acceleration vector twice points east, and twice west. At 20°E, 59°N, that is, in the middle of the Baltic Sea, the vector points predominantly in southerly directions. The asymmetric picture at the Baltic Sea location results from the latitude dependent terms in (7.18) and (7.19), which cause the equipotential surface to be lowered by an average 19 cm at the poles, and to be raised by about 10cm at the equator (Torge, 2003). Near the north Pole, the amounts of tidal acceleration decrease strongly and there remains a purely diurnal fluctuation. 

Here is a problem from the world outside chemistry "A hunter aims his rifle due south directly at a bear. The bear moves 30 feet due east. The hunter fires his rifle due south and kills the bear. What color is the bear " Don t assume that this puzzle cannot be logically solved. Let s do what we can do. The original direction of aim and the final direction are both due south, but the bear moved. The hunter may be standing directly on the north pole, so every horizontal direction is due south. Therefore, the bear is a polar bear, and is white. (The hunter may also be standing very near the south pole, so that the bear s path took it in a complete circle, and the hunter fired without moving his rifle. In this case also, the bear must be a polar bear.)... 

As air flows northward in the upper level of the Hadley cell, the Coriolis force turns it to the right (eastward). The magnitude of the Coriolis force increases as the air flows toward the poles, and by the time the air reaches about 30°N latitude, the Coriolis force has turned the flow entirely from west to east (see Figure 21.2). To conserve angular momentum, the speed of the wind also increases as the air moves toward the pole. 

Mention must be made of bamboo. Its use for poles, pipes for water, tablets, fibers, and other things is widespread, and it dates back to ancient times. The bamboo is perhaps the only plant that is called in the same all over the world. In Java, Indonesia, in 1910, a bridge of bamboo was made over the Serayu River, and today, the scaffolds for building construction in the far East are still made of bamboo, of course not nailed but tied in order to allow for dimensional changes. 

Fig. 1.3 Jules C. Dumont d Urville (1790-1842) was a French naval officer and navigator who led the French Naval Expedition to Antarctica from 1837 to 1840. He was an experienced explorer who had worked in the eastern Mediterranean Sea followed by two expeditions to map the coasts of Australia and New Zealand and to map variations of the magnetic field in the South Pacific euid the Southern Ocean. He used two ships (Astrolabe and Zelee) in eui attempt to find the magnetic pole in Antarctica Although he failed to achieve that objective, he named Adelie Land along the coast of East Antarctica after his wife and discovered two large islands off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (Photo by the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, used here with permission)...

The magnetic pole in Antarctica was eventually discovered in 1909 by T.W. Edgeworth David at 72°025 S and 115°16 E in the interior of the continent behind the mountains of Victoria Land. David was a member of the so-called Nimrod Expedition of 1907-1909 that was led by Ernest Shackleton (1874-1922). Since its discovery in 1909, the magnetic pole in Antarctica has moved 900 km to its present position at 65°S and 139°E in the Indian Ocean off the Adelie Coast of East Antarctica (Stonehouse 2002, p. 169). However, nearly 50 years elapsed before the map of the magnetic field in Antarctica was completed during the International Geophysical Year that lasted from 1957-1958 (Victor 1964). 

American scientists and support personnel who are scheduled to work in the Transantarctic Mountains or on the polar plateau of East Antarctica, in Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica, and at South Pole Station will, in most cases, depart from Christchurch, New Zealand, and fly to McMurdo Station which is located at the tip of the Hut Point Peninsula on Ross Island in Fig. 2.8 (Section 1.2). This site was originally selected in 1955 by Admiral George J. Dufek as a logistics base for Operation Deep Freeze in preparation for research to be carried out by American scientists during the IGY (1957-1958). The site was chosen because it is located in a broad basin adjacent to a deep harbor where supply ships can unload cargo either onto a floating ice dock or directly to the shore. These favorable conditions also caused Robert Scott in 1901 to select this site for his winter-over base where he set up his Discovery Hut in Fig. 2.9 which still contains some of the equipment and supplies that he and his men left behind (Section 1.4.1). 

Visitors to Pole Station like to have their picture taken beside a barber pole topped by a silver globe surrounded by the flags of the Treaty Nations (Fig. 2.13). This pole is not at the precise location of the geographic South Pole because the East Antarctic ice sheet is sliding on its base which means that the true position of the South Pole must be redetermined annually. 

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