E Scan

In a (B/E)(l - E) -scanning mode, a mass difference is seiected. For exampie, in this case a precursor ion m, is chosen (it is shown as being made up of two parts of mass mj, n,). After fragmentation, the product ion is mj accompanied by a neutral particle of mass n,. The mass difference (n, = m, - mj) can be specified so only pairs of ions connected by this difference are found. 

FIGURE 27.26 Cyclic voltammogram obtained on An electrode in O.IM NaCI04 (a) and reflectivity change-potential curves for O.IM NaC104 (b), O.IM LiCI04 (c), O.IM NaNOj (d), and 0.1 M NaOH (e). Scan rate 0.1 V/s. (From Aral et al., 1997, with permission from... 

Figure 13.7. (a) Schematic illustration of the dry transfer of CVD-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes onto plastic substrates, (b)-(e) Scanning electron micrographs of SWNT arrays transferred to plastic substrates, with repetitive transfer for crossed arrays. 

Hansma, P.K. Elings, V.B. Marti, O. Bracker, C.E. Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy Application to biology and technology. Science 1988, 242, 209-216. 

Thus, scanning of the electric field E scan) yields an energy spectrum which allows for the determination of the kinetic energy release (KER) from the peak width (Chap. 2.8.2). The MIKE technique provides good precursor ion resolution, but poor product ion resolution according to the influence of KER on peak shapes. 

Residue al division M an 0 e scanning alep > ftcaldue el dlvleieA Y an llie eAAlAg tep ... 

From comparison between I/E and f /E scans for different electrochemical systems, the above base assumptions were proved well founded [67, 68]. 

FIGURE 1.41 XRPD pattern of atorvastatin calcium, Ciba Form-E, scanned and digitized from the pattern disclosed in US patent application 2004/0220255. 

Fig. 9 (a-c) Preparation of matrix-type polyelectrolyte capsules templated on CaCC>3 microparticles. (d, e) Scanning microscopy images of the CaCC>3 microparticles and the matrix-type capsules, respectively, (f) Confocal laser scanning microscopy image of the capsules loaded with fluores-cently labeled bovine serum albumin. Adapted from [111, 112]... 

Fig. 35 Simultaneously measured a,b topography c,d repulsive force e,f a.c. current amplitude on graphite before (a, c, e) and after (b, d, f) Fourier space filtering. The Fourier transform parameters for the inverse transformation of b are taken from the Fourier transformation of e. Scan width 5.5 nm, 500x500 pixel, scan speed 50 nm/s, repulsive force 100 nN, a.c. excitation 3.9 mV at 102 kHz. In order to minimise the piezo amplifier noise, a weak feedback was used and the topography contrast is smaller than 100 pm. Force contrast 1 nN, current contrast from 5.5 to 7 nA...

For triangular waves (- cyclic voltammetry) the steady-state current changes from vCd during the forward scan (increasing E) to - vCd during the reverse (decreasing E) scan. 

Characterization of surfaces and thin films has been revolutionized by the invention of scanning probe microscopes, i,e, scanning force microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and scanning near field optical microscopy [262-264], These methods not only allow imaging of molecular and supramolecular details, but can also be employed to probe and to manipulate chemical properties on a nanoscopic or molecular scale, e,g., mechanical SFM [265], chemical SFM [266], electrochemical STM [267,268],... 

Figure 11. X-ray diffractograms (reflection mode) of PDHS samples at 25 °C after various crystallizations or annealing treatments crystallized from a methylene chloride solution (a) crystallized from a THF solution by precipitation with methanol (b) and as in b and after heating to 60 °C (c), 150 °C (d), and 200 °C (e). Scans c-e were recorded at least 2 h after return to room temperature. (Reproduced from reference 26. Copyright 1986 American Chemical...

Destro, R., and Marsh, R. E. Scan-truncation corrections in single-crystal diffrac-tometry an empirical method. Acta Cryst. A43, 711-718 (1987). 

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