E-DNA sensor

Smart biological surfaces have been developed that respond to specific chemical and biological species, creating the basis for the fabrication of highly sensitive, reagentless, reusable biosensors. One recent development is the electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensor, which was initially developed by Plaxco and coworkers... 

In order to expand the usage of E-DNA sensors to the recognition of biomolecules other than DNA, E-DNA sensors modified with a small molecule recognition element were appended onto a double-stranded DNA probe that acts as a physical scaffold. 

Figure 10.9 (a) Scheme of thei-Motif telomeric DNA-based electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensor, (b) E-DNA sensor that detects intracellular SWNTs In extracts of the human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. (Inset) Calibration curve measured in 1 x KT cell mb cell supernatant (cells were cultured In the absence of SWNTs). Reproduced with permission from [76]. Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society... 

Miodek A, Mejri N, Gomgnimbou M, Sola C, Korri-Youssoufi H. E-DNA sensor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on electrochemical assembly of nanomaterials (MWCNTs/PPy/PAMAM). Analytical Chemistry 2015 87 9257-64. http //dx.doi.org/ 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01761. 

Chung, D.-J., S.-H. Oh, S. Komathi, A. I. Gopalan, K.-P. Lee, and S.-H. Choi. One-step modification of various electrode surfaces using diazonium salt compounds and the application of this technology to electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensors. Electrochim. Acta 76, 2012 394-403. 

Particularly attractive for numerous bioanalytical applications are colloidal metal (e.g., gold) and semiconductor quantum dot nanoparticles. The conductivity and catalytic properties of such systems have been employed for developing electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical sensors based on molecular- or polymer-functionalized nanoparticle sensing interfaces, and for the construction of different biosensors including enzyme-based electrodes, immunosensors, and DNA sensors. Advances in the application of molecular and biomolecular functionalized metal, semiconductor, and magnetic particles for electroanalytical and bio-electroanalytical applications have been reviewed by Katz et al. [142]. 

FIGURE 7.2 Schematic of a DNA sensor based on a capacitive EIS structure. For operation, a DC (direct current) polarization voltage (VG) is applied via the reference electrode (RE) to set the working point of the EIS sensor, and a small AC (alternating current) voltage (E ) is applied to the system in order to measure the capacitance of the sensor. ssDNA - single-stranded DNA, cDNA - complementary DNA, dsDNA - double-stranded DNA. 

E. Palecek and F. Jelen, Electrochemistry of nucleic acids and development of DNA sensors, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 32(3) (2002) 261-270. 

E. Dominguez, O. Rincon and A. Narvaez, Electrochemical DNA sensors based on enzyme dendritic architectures an approach for enhanced sensitivity, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004) 3132-3138. 

Katz E, WUlner 1 (2004) Immunosensors and DNA sensors based on impedance spectroscopy. In Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors 2 (ultrathin electrochemical chemo- and biosensor). Springer, Berlin ffeidelberg New York, p 67... 

Alfonta, L., Bardea, A., Khersonsky, O., Katz, E., Willner, I. (2001). Chronopotentiometry and faradaic impedance spectroscopy as signal transduction methods for the biocatalytic precipitation of an insoluble product on electrode supports routes for enzyme sensors, immunosensors and DNA sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 16, 675-687. 

Katz, E., Willner, I. (2003). Probing biomolecular interactions at conductive and semicon-ductive surfaces by impedance spectroscopy routes to impedimetric immunosensors, DNA-sensors, and enzyme biosensors. Electroanalysis 15, 913-947. 

As it is well known, the immobilization of DNA probes onto electrode surfaces is one of the key steps in DNA sensor development. It has been widely demonstrated that the DNA sensor performance (e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, and stability) is highly dependent on the characteristics of DNA probes immobilization approaches. One of these relies on the use of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), taking advantage of their unique electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and ease of self-assembly through... 

Gamier, E, H. Korri-Youssoufi, P. Srivastava, P. Mandrand, and T. Delair. 1999. Towards intelligent polymers DNA sensors based on oligonucleotide-functionalised polypyrroles. Synth Met 100 89. 

Palecek E, Fojta M, and Jelen F (2002) New approaches in the development of DNA sensors. Hybridization and electrochemical detection of DNA and RNA at two different surfaces. Bioelectrochemistry 56 85-90. 

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